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71.
Requirements engineering (RE) research often ignores or presumes a uniform nature of the context in which the system operates.
This assumption is no longer valid in emerging computing paradigms, such as ambient, pervasive and ubiquitous computing, where
it is essential to monitor and adapt to an inherently varying context. Besides influencing the software, context may influence
stakeholders’ goals and their choices to meet them. In this paper, we propose a goal-oriented RE modeling and reasoning framework
for systems operating in varying contexts. We introduce contextual goal models to relate goals and contexts; context analysis to refine contexts and identify ways to verify them; reasoning techniques to derive requirements reflecting the context and
users priorities at runtime; and finally, design time reasoning techniques to derive requirements for a system to be developed
at minimum cost and valid in all considered contexts. We illustrate and evaluate our approach through a case study about a
museum-guide mobile information system. 相似文献
72.
Paolo Casoli Andrea Vacca Gian L. Berta 《Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory》2010,18(2):125-138
This paper describes a numerical procedure for the prediction of the homogenizing performance of high pressure homogenizing valves used in diary plants. The method is based on a strict interaction between a complex CFD code and a simple homogenizing simulation code developed by the authors. This latter implements a mathematical model for the evaluation of droplets break-up, that needs an accurate evaluation of few significant fluid dynamic parameters in the whole fluid dynamic domain inside the valve. Due to the relevant pressure gradients within the flow and to the possibility of cavitation, particular attention has been paid in defining the fluid model, the mesh and the parameters required for CFD simulations. Notwithstanding the quite simple model of the homogenizing process, comparatively with the complexity of phenomena involved, the first results obtained are in general agreement with the experimental data available. These results point out the potential of the procedure proposed as a starting point for further implementation of more complex effects. 相似文献
73.
CAD based shape optimization for gas turbine component design 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Djordje Brujic Mihailo Ristic Massimiliano Mattone Paolo Maggiore Gian Paolo De Poli 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2010,41(4):647-659
In order to improve product characteristics, engineering design makes increasing use of Robust Design and Multidisciplinary
Design Optimisation. Common to both methodologies is the need to vary the object’s shape and to assess the resulting change
in performance, both executed within an automatic loop. This shape change can be realised by modifying the parameter values
of a suitably parameterised Computer Aided Design (CAD) model. This paper presents the adopted methodology and the achieved
results when performing optimisation of a gas turbine disk. Our approach to hierarchical modelling employing design tables
is presented, with methods to ensure satisfactory geometry variation by commercial CAD systems. The conducted studies included
stochastic and probabilistic design optimisation. To solve the multi-objective optimisation problem, a Pareto optimum criterion
was used. The results demonstrate that CAD centric approach enables significant progress towards automating the entire process
while achieving a higher quality product with the reduced susceptibility to manufacturing imperfections. 相似文献
74.
We consider incompressible flow problems with defective boundary conditions prescribing only the net flux on some inflow and outflow sections of the boundary. As a paradigm for such problems, we simply refer to Stokes flow. After a brief review of the problem and of its well posedness, we discretize the corresponding variational formulation by means of finite elements and looking at the boundary conditions as constraints, we exploit a penalty method to account for them. We perform the analysis of the method in terms of consistency, boundedness and stability of the discrete bilinear form and we show that the application of the penalty method does not affect the optimal convergence properties of the finite element discretization. Since the additional terms introduced to account for the defective boundary conditions are non-local, we also analyze the spectral properties of the equivalent algebraic formulation and we exploit the analysis to set up an efficient solution strategy. In contrast to alternative discretization methods based on Lagrange multipliers accounting for the constraints on the boundary, the present scheme is particularly effective because it only mildly affects the structure and the computational cost of the numerical approximation. Indeed, it does not require neither multipliers nor sub-iterations or additional adjoint problems with respect to the reference problem at hand. 相似文献
75.
Paolo Cotogno 《Minds and Machines》2009,19(3):391-405
Hypercomputation—the hypothesis that Turing-incomputable objects can be computed through infinitary means—is ineffective,
as the unsolvability of the halting problem for Turing machines depends just on the absence of a definite value for some paradoxical
construction; nature and quantity of computing resources are immaterial. The assumption that the halting problem is solved
by oracles of higher Turing degree amounts just to postulation; infinite-time oracles are not actually solving paradoxes,
but simply assigning them conventional values. Special values for non-terminating processes are likewise irrelevant, since
diagonalization can cover any amount of value assignments. This should not be construed as a restriction of computing power:
Turing’s uncomputability is not a ‘barrier’ to be broken, but simply an effect of the expressive power of consistent programming
systems. 相似文献
76.
77.
We present a control framework for achieving encirclement of a target moving in 3D using a multi-robot system. Three variations of a basic control strategy are proposed for different versions of the encirclement problem, and their effectiveness is formally established. An extension ensuring maintenance of a safe inter-robot distance is also discussed. The proposed framework is fully decentralized and only requires local communication among robots; in particular, each robot locally estimates all the relevant global quantities. We validate the proposed strategy through simulations on kinematic point robots and quadrotor UAVs, as well as experiments on differential-drive wheeled mobile robots. 相似文献
78.
Paolo Vicig 《Minds and Machines》2016,26(3):303-305
Constrained coherence is compared to coherence and its role in the behavioural interpretation of coherence is discussed. The equivalence of these two notions is proven for coherent conditional previsions, showing that the same course of reasoning applies to several similar concepts developed in the realm of imprecise probability theory. 相似文献
79.
A novel frequency–based definition of dynamic compliance is introduced within the framework of H ∞ –norm based structural dynamics in the presence of load uncertainties. The system itself is supposed to depend on a vector of design parameters with respect to which an optimal design is pursued. A three-step worst-case-scenario is then developed that finds the minimum-compliance structure capable of accounting for the entire norm–bounded load sets. Once the problem is initialized, the current worst load is found that is used as input to the minimization of the structural compliance and the procedure is repeated until convergence. Numerical examples are eventually proposed that deal with viscoelastic beams discretized via a truly–mixed finite–element scheme. 相似文献
80.
For many 2D systems, one of the independent variables plays a distinct role in the evolution of the trajectories; since often this special independent variable is time, we call such systems ‘time-relevant’. In this paper, we introduce a stability notion for time-relevant systems described by higher-order difference equations. We give algebraic tests in terms of the location of the zeros of the determinant of a polynomial matrix describing the system. We also give an LMI characterization of time-relevant stability involving only constant matrices. 相似文献