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51.
The problem of line breaking consists of finding the best way to split paragraphs into lines. It has been cleverly addressed by the total‐fit algorithm exposed by Knuth and Plass in a well‐known paper. Similarly, page‐breaking algorithms break the content flow of a document into page units. Formatting languages—such as the World Wide Web Consortium standard Extensible Stylesheet Language Formatting Objects (XSL‐FO)—allow users to set which content should be kept in the same page and how many isolated lines are acceptable at the beginning/end of each page. The strategies most formatters adopt to meet these requirements, however, are not satisfactory for many publishing contexts as they very often generate unpleasant empty areas. In that case, typographers are required to manually craft the results in order to completely fill pages. This paper presents a page‐breaking algorithm that extends the original Knuth and Plass line‐breaking approach and produces high‐quality documents without unwanted empty areas. The basic idea consists of delaying the definitive choice of breaks in the line‐breaking process in order to provide a larger set of alternatives to the actual pagination step. The algorithm also allows users to decide the set of properties to be adjusted for pagination and their variation ranges. An application of the algorithm to XSL‐FO is also presented, with an extension of the language that allows users to drive the pagination process. The tool, named FOP+, is a customized version of the open‐source Apache Formatting Objects Processor formatter. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
52.
Francesco Banterle Massimiliano Corsini Paolo Cignoni Roberto Scopigno 《Computer Graphics Forum》2012,31(1):19-32
In this work we present a new algorithm for accelerating the colour bilateral filter based on a subsampling strategy working in the spatial domain. The base idea is to use a suitable subset of samples of the entire kernel in order to obtain a good estimation of the exact filter values. The main advantages of the proposed approach are that it has an excellent trade‐off between visual quality and speed‐up, a very low memory overhead is required and it is straightforward to implement on the GPU allowing real‐time filtering. We show different applications of the proposed filter, in particular efficient cross‐bilateral filtering, real‐time edge‐aware image editing and fast video denoising. We compare our method against the state of the art in terms of image quality, time performance and memory usage. 相似文献
53.
Carabalona R Grossi F Tessadri A Castiglioni P Caracciolo A de Munari I 《Ergonomics》2012,55(5):552-563
Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems aim to enable interaction with other people and the environment without muscular activation by the exploitation of changes in brain signals due to the execution of cognitive tasks. In this context, the visual P300 potential appears suited to control smart homes through BCI spellers. The aim of this work is to evaluate whether the widely used character-speller is more sustainable than an icon-based one, designed to operate smart home environment or to communicate moods and needs. Nine subjects with neurodegenerative diseases and no BCI experience used both speller types in a real smart home environment. User experience during BCI tasks was evaluated recording concurrent physiological signals. Usability was assessed for each speller type immediately after use. Classification accuracy was lower for the icon-speller, which was also more attention demanding. However, in subjective evaluations, the effect of a real feedback partially counterbalanced the difficulty in BCI use. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: Since inclusive BCIs require to consider interface sustainability, we evaluated different ergonomic aspects of the interaction of disabled users with a character-speller (goal: word spelling) and an icon-speller (goal: operating a real smart home). We found the first one as more sustainable in terms of accuracy and cognitive effort. 相似文献
54.
Anna Ciampolini Evelina Lamma Paola Mello Francesca Toni Paolo Torroni 《Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence》2003,37(1-2):65-91
This paper presents ALIAS, an agent architecture based on intelligent logic agents, where the main form of agent reasoning is abduction. The system is particularly suited for solving problems where knowledge is incomplete, where agents may need to make reasonable hypotheses about the problem domain and other agents, and where the raised hypotheses have to be consistent for the overall set of agents. ALIAS agents are pro-active, exhibiting a goal-directed behavior, and autonomous, since each one can solve problems using its own private knowledge base. ALIAS agents are also social, because they are able to interact with other agents, in order to cooperatively solve problems. The coordination mechanisms are modeled by means of LAILA, a logic-based language which allows to express intra-agent reasoning and inter-agent coordination. As an application, we show how LAILA can be used to implement inter-agent dialogues, e.g., for negotiation. In particular, LAILA is well-suited to coordinate the process of negotiation aimed at exchanging resources between agents, thus allowing them to execute the plans to achieve their goals. 相似文献
55.
Tropos: An Agent-Oriented Software Development Methodology 总被引:16,自引:4,他引:16
Paolo Bresciani Anna Perini Paolo Giorgini Fausto Giunchiglia John Mylopoulos 《Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems》2004,8(3):203-236
Our goal in this paper is to introduce and motivate a methodology, called Tropos,1 for building agent oriented software systems. Tropos is based on two key ideas. First, the notion of agent and all related mentalistic notions (for instance goals and plans) are used in all phases of software development, from early analysis down to the actual implementation. Second, Tropos covers also the very early phases of requirements analysis, thus allowing for a deeper understanding of the environment where the software must operate, and of the kind of interactions that should occur between software and human agents. The methodology is illustrated with the help of a case study. The Tropos language for conceptual modeling is formalized in a metamodel described with a set of UML class diagrams. 相似文献
56.
Marco Alberti Marco Gavanelli Evelina Lamma Paola Mello Paolo Torroni 《Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science》2004,85(2):94
In this paper we propose a logic-based social approach to the specification and verification of agent interaction. We firstly introduce integrity constraints about social acts (called Social Integrity Constraints) as a formalism to express interaction protocols and to give a social semantics to the behavior of agents, focusing on communicative acts. Then, we discuss several possible kinds of verification of agent interaction, and we show how social integrity constraints can be used to verify some properties in this respect. We focus our attention on static verification of compliance of agent specifications to interaction protocols, and on run-time verification, based on agents' observable behavior. We adopt as a running example the NetBill security transaction protocol for the selling and delivery of information goods. 相似文献
57.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a well-known technique, the aim of which is to synthesize huge amounts of numerical data by means of a low number of unobserved variables, called components. In this paper, an extension of PCA to deal with interval valued data is proposed. The method, called Midpoint Radius Principal Component Analysis (MR-PCA), recovers the underlying structure of interval valued data by using both the midpoints (or centers) and the radii (a measure of the interval width) information. In order to analyze how MR-PCA works, the results of a simulation study and two applications on chemical data are proposed. 相似文献
58.
Laura Mannarino Lara Paracchini Federica Pezzuto Gheorghe Emilian Olteanu Laura Moracci Luca Vedovelli Irene De Simone Cristina Bosetti Monica Lupi Rosy Amodeo Alessia Inglesi Maurizio Callari Serena Penpa Roberta Libener Sara Delfanti Antonina De Angelis Alberto Muzio Paolo Andrea Zucali Paola Allavena Giovanni Luca Ceresoli Sergio Marchini Fiorella Calabrese Maurizio DIncalci Federica Grosso 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(10)
59.
Febbraio F Merone L Cetrangolo GP Rossi M Nucci R Manco G 《Analytical chemistry》2011,83(5):1530-1536
Pesticides are the plague of modern times, although much needed in agriculture, causing damage to the entire ecosystem, including humans. The high operative costs and the requirement of specialized personnel for pesticide detection, incentive to develop alternative solutions such as the set up of cheap, rapid, and simple to use biosensors. In this work, we evaluate the possibility to use the esterase 2 from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius as a biosensor for the detection of specific organophosphate pesticides. With the recent demonstration of the very high affinity of esterase 2 toward paraoxon, a more complete analysis on the detection methods in water as well as in purposely contaminated fruit juices was carried out. The inhibitory effects of a wide range of other pesticides on esterase 2 were investigated, showing a better selectivity with respect to nonspecific reaction of acethylcholinesterases, the main target of organophosphate pesticides. The applied methodology allowed one to detect 2.75 × 10(-3) ppm of neurotoxic agent, comparable to the efficiency of other acethylcholinesterase-based biosensors. Finally, a raw biosensor, based on EST2 immobilization on a nitrocellulose membrane, was devised and tested for paraoxon detection, showing longtime stability, reproducibility, and sensibility. 相似文献
60.
Aniello Maiese Alice Chiara Manetti Naomi Iacoponi Eleonora Mezzetti Emanuela Turillazzi Marco Di Paolo Raffaele La Russa Paola Frati Vittorio Fineschi 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(13)
The vitality demonstration refers to determining if an injury has been caused ante- or post-mortem, while wound age means to evaluate how long a subject has survived after the infliction of an injury. Histology alone is not enough to prove the vitality of a lesion. Recently, immunohistochemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology have been introduced in the field of lesions vitality and age demonstration. The study was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review (PRISMA) protocol. The search terms were “wound”, “lesion”, “vitality”, “evaluation”, “immunohistochemistry”, “proteins”, “electrolytes”, “mRNAs”, and “miRNAs” in the title, abstract, and keywords. This evaluation left 137 scientific papers. This review aimed to collect all the knowledge on vital wound demonstration and provide a temporal distribution of the methods currently available, in order to determine the age of lesions, thus helping forensic pathologists in finding a way through the tangled jungle of wound vitality evaluation. 相似文献