Perioperative pain management: a gate control perspective

The assessment and management of perioperative pain are critical skills for the surgical nurse, hence, the subjective nature of pain should be reflected in their approach to pain control. Unfortunately, many studies (Seers 1987, Kuhns et al 1990, Royal College of Surgeons and Royal College of Anaesthetists 1990, Closs 1992 and Field 1996) suggest that the nurse's knowledge of perioperative management is inadequate. However, as Carr (1997) reported, nurses are not the only group of health care professionals who demonstrate a lack of 'expertise' in providing analgesic relief. Carr reviewed the survey of 27 medical schools by Marcer and Deighton in 1988 which revealed that 4 schools undertook no formal teaching on pain control, and the remainder averaged only 3.5 hours during a four year course. Clearly, perioperative pain management remains a major problem! We have suggested that surgical nurses must have a sound knowledge of the neurophysiology associated with this subjective phenomenon (Clancy and McVicar 1998) since such an understanding is paramount in assisting the decision making process which underpins effective individualised perioperative pain management.     

Personality profiles, dissociations, and absorption in women reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse.

Women reporting either repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse or no abuse history completed questionnaires tapping personality traits, absorption (fantasy proneness), dissociation, depression, and posttraumatic stress. Planned contrasts indicated that recovered memory participants scored higher on absorption and dissociation than did those reporting either continuous memories or no abuse history; repressed memory participants scored nonsignificantly higher than did recovered memory participants. On measures of distress, continuous memory participants were indistinguishable from nonabused participants, repressed memory participants scored highest, and recovered memory participants scored midway between continuous and repressed memory participants. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Clinical characteristics of adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse.

The authors assessed women and men who either reported continuous memories of their childhood sexual abuse (CSA, n = 92), reported recovering memories of CSA (n = 38), reported believing they harbored repressed memories of CSA (n = 42), or reported never having been sexually abused (n = 36). Men and women were indistinguishable on all clinical and psychometric measures. The 3 groups that reported abuse scored similarly on measures of anxiety, depression, dissociation, and absorption. These groups also scored higher than the control group. Inconsistent with betrayal trauma theory, recovered memory participants were not more likely to report abuse by a parent or stepparent than were continuous memory participants. Rates of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder did not differ between the continuous and recovered memory groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

对先驱物的精确分析

工艺材料中的污染物会引起器件失效并影响成品率。但对于新材料,标准的分析认证(COA)也许并不是想象中的那么可靠。     

Reality Monitoring in Adults Reporting Repressed, Recovered, or Continuous Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse.

People who report either repressed or recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) may have deficits in reality monitoring--the process whereby one discriminates memories of percepts from memories of images. Using signal detection methods, the authors found that adults reporting either repressed or recovered memories of CSA were less able to discriminate between words they had seen from words they had imagined seeing than were adults reporting either never having forgotten their CSA or adults reporting no history of CSA. Relative deficits in the ability to discriminate percepts from images (i.e., low d') were apparent on only some tests. The groups did not differ in their criterion--response bias--for affirming having seen versus imagined stimuli. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Using Preformed Meisenheimer Complexes as Dopants for n-Type Organic Thermoelectrics with High Seebeck Coefficients and Power Factors

A pre-formed Meisenheimer complex of a naphthalenediimide (NDI) with tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) is obtained in a simple way by mixing dibrominated 4,9-dibromo-2,7-bis(2-octyldodecyl)benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone and TBAF in solution and used as a dopant for n-type organic thermoelectrics. Two n-type polymers PNDIClTVT and PBDOPVTT are synthesized, n-doped, and characterized as conductive and thermoelectric materials. PNDIClTVT doped with NDI-TBAF presents a high σ value of 0.20 S cm^–1, a Seebeck coefficient (S) of −1854 µV K^–1, and a power factor (PF) of 67 µW m^–1 K^–2, among the highest reported PF in solution-processed conjugated n-type polymer thermoelectrics. Using 4-(1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)phenyl)dimethylamine and NDI-TBAF as co-dopants, PNDIClTVT has a PF > 35 µW m^–1 K^–2; while for PBDOPVTT σ = 0.75 S cm^–1 and PF = 58 µW m^–1 K^–2. In this study it is found that an ionic adduct together with a neutral dopant improves the performance of n-type organic thermoelectrics leading to an enhanced power factor, and more generally, the role of such an adduct in polymer doping is also elucidated.     

An evaluation of the Gelman Envirochek capsule for the simultaneous concentration of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from water

The FRA3B at 3p14.2 is the most highly expressed of the common fragile sites observed when DNA replication is perturbed by aphidicolin or folate stress. The molecular basis for chromosome fragility at FRA3B is unknown. In contrast to the rare fragile sites, including FRAXA, no repeat motifs, such as trinucleotide repeats, have been identified within FRA3B. Several lines of evidence suggest that fragile sites are regions of DNA whose replication is unusually sensitive to interference. We have used fluorescence in situ hybridization to determine the relative timing of replication of FRA3B sequences. Our studies revealed that FRA3B sequences are late replicating. Exposure to aphidicolin, an inhibitor of both DNA polymerase alpha and delta, results in a reproducible delay in the timing of replication, and some cells enter G2without having completed replication of FRA3B sequences. Our results support a model in which common fragile sites are sequences that initiate replication late in S phase or are slow to replicate, and the chromosomal breaks and gaps observed in metaphase cells are due to unreplicated DNA.     

Influence of diterpene resin acids on feeding and growth of larch sawfly,Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig)

Diterpene resin acids significantly affect consumption rates, feeding efficiencies, and growth rates of the larch sawfly,Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig) when topically applied to their natural food, tamarackLarix laricina (DuRoi) K. Koch. Abietic acid, neoabietic acid, dehydroabietic acid, and isopimaric acid significantly reduced consumption rates, feeding efficiencies, and growth rates. Sandaracopimaric acid reduced growth and efficiency but did not influence consumption rate. Two-way analysis of variance indicates a significant interaction between chemical and concentration for growth rate, feeding efficiency, and consumption rate. This interaction indicates that increasing chemical concentrations do not influence the larch sawfly in a uniform manner, supporting the concept of concentration-dependent biological activity of allelochemics.Research supported by School of Natural Resources College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison and School of Forestry, Northern Arizona Univeristy under grants from the McIntire-Stennis Program.