Optically reconfigurable azobenzene polymer-based fiber Bragg filter

Optically writable, thermally erasable surface relief gratings in thin Disperse Red 1 polymethyl methacrylate azopolymer films were used to demonstrate an arbitrarily reconfigurable fiber Bragg filter. Gratings were optically written on azopolymer-coated side-polished fiber blocks, and a write-erase-write cycle was demonstrated. Finite difference time domain simulations reveal that this optically reconfigurable device concept can be optimized in a silicon-on-insulator waveguide platform.     

Microstructural characterization of γ-TiAl base alloy by electron probe x-ray microanalysis and electron backscatter diffraction

Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and electron probe x-ray microanalysis (EPMA) in combination with x-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied for phase identification of the ternary precipitates and accompanying phases in Ti-49.6Al-1.9Fe alloy after heat treatment at 1400°C followed by furnace cooling. The heat treatment resulted in formation of the duplex structure consisting of equiaxed grains of the phase (AuCu type) and lamellae of the and ₂ (Ni₃Sn type). The ternary ₂ (Mn₂₃Th₆ type) phase, containing 21–22 at. % Fe, was revealed on the grain boundaries of the -matrix and lamellae, and is accompanied by ₂ precipitates. Different morphologies of the ₂ + ₂ colonies were found to differ in chemical composition, coarse particles being depleted in titanium, and the fine particles enriched in it. The combination of EPMA and EBSD in scanning electron microscopy proved to be very effective in local phase identification of specimens with fine multiphase structure.     

Stress migration lifetime for Cu interconnects with CoWP-only cap

Stress migration lifetime is characterized for a CoWP-only cap process (i.e., no dielectric cap) and a CoWP + SiN cap process. For the CoWP-only process, the stress migration lifetime depends on the CoWP thickness. In order to achieve a long stress migration lifetime, the CoWP must be sufficiently thick to protect the Cu during the via etch and strip processes. The data suggests that CoWP removal is enhanced beneath partially landed vias, resulting in reduced stress migration lifetime.     

An investigation of the precipitation process during ageing of a sintered low-carbon copper steel

The precipitation process during ageing (at 500° C) of a low-carbon copper steel containing 2% Cu and 0.03% C produced by sintering was studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. The precipitates, consisting of a solid solution of iron in copper, appear in two orientations relative to the iron matrix, and their growth is controlled by the diffusion of copper atoms within the matrix.     

Type IV errors and Games.

Replies to P. A. Games's (see PA, Vol. 51:Issue 3) criticisms of the authors' conception of Type IV errors in analyses of variance. It is argued that contrasts must be congruent with the mathematical model underlying the structure of the variable, while Games appears to believe that the latent structure is relatively unimportant since the interaction and simple effects models can be combined to form a cell means model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The use of smallest space analysis in studying scale structure: An application to the California Psychological Inventory.

Smallest space analysis is a nonmetric technique for analysis of proximity relations, e.g., intercorrelation matrices. The variables are represented as points in Euclidean space so that the rank order of the interpoint distances corresponds to the rank order of the intercorrelations. A nonmetric technique developed by L. Guttman and J. C. Lingoes, G-L SSA-1, was applied for analysis of the structure of the intercorrelation matrix of the CPI. 2 dimensions provided a good fit to the data. The space can be partitioned into several regions. The central region includes scales related to general adjustment. 3 peripheral regions include measures of "person orientation," "value orientation," and "self-orientation." Results correspond to those obtained in factor analytic studies, but the nonmetric solution is simpler and more parsimonious. Applications to prediction problems, scale construction, and formulation of research hypotheses are discussed. (18 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Distribution of molecular weights and branching of high-density polyethylene

Samples of industrial high-density polyethylenes (Liten Macro, Liten FB 29, and Hostalen GM 9255 F) were divided into fractions by precipitation fractionation. The original samples and their fractions were characterized by light scattering, GPC, and viscometry. For all samples the molecular weight distribution is of logarithmic-normal type. High-density polyethylenes under investigation contain also high-molecular-weight fractions of pronouncedly branched structure, the content of branched molecules being, of course, considerably smaller than that in low-density polyethylenes.