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11.
T. M. Maccagno S. Yue J. J. Jonas K. Dyck 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1993,24(7):1589-1596
An investigation was carried out on the effects of changing the hot-working, cold-working, and annealing parameters on the
interaction between A1N precipitation and recrystallization in low- carbon steels containing significant amounts of Al and
N. The primary aim was to determine whether laboratory torsion testing can be helpful in analyzing precipitation behavior
in these steels. The approach taken was first to establish the baseline annealing behavior of material that was hot- and cold-worked
in a mill and then to compare this with the behavior of material in which the hot and cold working were simulated by torsion
testing. It was found, first of all, that torsion testing can indeed provide a good simulation of the industrial process of
hot and cold working followed by annealing, even to the extent that a process as subtle as the inhibition of recrystallization
by A1N precipitation can be accurately reproduced. The results also show that the interaction between precipitation and recrystallization
during annealing is significantly influenced by the reheat temperature before hot working, as well as by the cooling rate
after hot working. 相似文献
12.
AR Thomassen E Kj?ller B Sigurd I G?thgen G Johannsen T Pedersen JE Nielsen-Kudsk PE Thomsen 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,156(1):31-38
We report herein the phenotypic and functional analysis of human bone marrow and thymus derived early T cells. Commitment to T cell lineage is acquired during CD7 antigen expression by CD34+ precursors in human bone marrow and before thymus colonization. Early thymocytes show similar phenotypic characteristics as bone marrow T cells. They rapidly acquire CD4 before the dual expression of CD4 and CD8. Their expansion and differentiation is regulated by two major factors: thymic stroma and cytokines produced by these stroma cells or by thymocytes themselves. Among cytokines, IL1 and sCD23 produced by thymic epithelial cells support in vitro early T cell development. 相似文献
13.
Zemon S. Pedersen B. Lambert G. Miniscalco W.J. Hall B.T. Folweiler R.C. Thompson B.A. Andrews L.J. 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》1992,4(3):244-247
The performance of Nd3+-doped fibre amplifiers is limited by strong excited-state absorption (ESA) of the signal, and, even for fluorozirconate glasses, ESA prevents the important region below 1320 nm from being used. To quantify this limitation and explore alternative host materials, ESA and stimulated-emission cross sections have been measured for a representative group of glass compositions. These parameters have been used in an accurate fiber-amplifier model to provide the first quantitative comparisons of performance for Nd3+ -doped glasses in the 1300-nm band as a function of host 相似文献
14.
Andersen J.B. Nielsen J.O. Pedersen G.F. Bauch G. Herdin M. 《Antennas and Propagation Magazine, IEEE》2007,49(2):27-33
In analogy with the established discipline of room acoustics, various aspects of diffuse wideband microwave propagation in a room are treated. It is shown that an equivalent to Sabine's equation for reverberation time in a room is valid for the completely diffused field, depending only on the volume, the surface area, and an effective absorption coefficient. An exponential decay of the power as a function of the delay is a consequence of the assumptions. Furthermore, the concept of a reverberation distance is also valid. This is the distance from a transmitting antenna where the received diffuse, randomly scattered power equals the direct line-of-sight received power, such that the diffuse power dominates for distances larger than the reverberation distance. A number of measurements in a large room support the theory with an effective absorption coefficient of 0.5. The power delay profiles around the room from a transmitter in the ceiling vary only in the first arriving part of the impulse, whereas the tail, being dominated by the diffuse field, has the same power level for a given delay and the same decay rate all over the room. It is also a consequence of the theory that the diffuse fields incident on an antenna are uniformly distributed in angle. 相似文献
15.
Buckling behaviour of imperfect spherical shells subjected to different load conditions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The paper deals with an analysis of the bifurcation and initial post-buckling behaviour of highly imperfection-sensitive large spherical .shells, such as cargo tanks for ship transportation of liquefied natural gas and large spherical containment shells for nuclear power plants. The numerical analysis procedure has sufficient generality to treat shells of revolution with arbitrary curved generators and with arbitrary variation of the thickness. The shells can be subjected to non-axisymmetric time-varying loadings. The purpose of the paper is to present simple procedures for scantling selections in the initial design phase and to propose an analysis procedure for verification of the final design of optimized thin-walled spherical shells. 相似文献
16.
Studies of brothers and twins have shown that about 50 per cent of the variance in educational achievement and 40 per cent of the variance in occupational status reflects between-family variance. About half of the between-family variance for educational achievement and even more for occupational status is due to genetic effects and the remainder is due to sharing the same environment. With data on 35 pairs of male twins reared apart and 56 pairs reared together we investigated the extent to which genetic variance in SES can be attributed to genetic variance for cognitive abilities. For both educational achievement and occupational status there was significant genetic variance both in common with and independent of genetic variance for cognitive abilities. Thus, there are genetic effects contributing to familial similarity for SES that are not the same as those of importance for cognitive abilities. Candidate traits that may account for this remaining genetic variance in SES are personality, interests, or talents not represented in standard cognitive tests. 相似文献
17.
18.
We employed an anatomically realistic three-dimensional finite-element model to explore several biomechanical variables involved in coring or bone-grafting of a segmentally necrotic femoral head. The mechanical efficacy of several variants of these procedures was indexed in terms of their alteration of the stress:strength ratio in at-risk necrotic cancellous bone. For coring alone, the associated structural compromise was generally modest, provided that the tract did not extend near the subchondral plate. Cortical bone-grafting was potentially of great structural benefit for femoral heads in which the graft penetrated deeply into the superocentral or lateral aspect of the lesion, ideally with abutment against the subchondral plate. By contrast, central or lateral grafts that stopped well short of the subchondral plate were contraindicated biomechanically because they caused marked elevations in stress on the necrotic cancellous bone. Calculated levels of stress were relatively insensitive to variations in the diameter of the graft. 相似文献
19.
P. R. Cetlin S. Yue J. J. Jonas T. M. Maccagno 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1993,24(7):1543-1553
Most laboratory simulations of hot rolling involve a scaling down of the strain rate from the much higher industrial levels.
This leads to slower softening between each rolling pass, for which corrections must be made. In the present work, torsion
testing simulations of “warm” rod rolling were conducted on a Ti-Nb interstitial-free (IF) steel at 840 °C and 770 °C(i.e., in the ferrite range). For this purpose, “strain rate corrected” interpass times were used, in addition to the more familiar
corrections for the stress. The results are compared with those obtained from simulations using uncorrected industrial interpass
times. At 840 °C, simulations using corrected interpass times led to high levels of softening between the stages of rolling,
thus triggering the reinitiation of cycles of dynamic recrystallization. The initially high stress level at the start of these
cycles was responsible for the large differences in the pass-to-pass mean flow stress behavior, compared with that observed
when using uncorrected industrial interpass times, or continuous deformations. The differences were much less pronounced at
770 °C, where the rate of softening is much slower than at 840 °C. Predictions for softening based on the Avrami equation
underestimated the softening observed using the continuous and uncorrected industrial interpass time schedules and overestimated
it for the corrected ones. The former is due to the occurrence of recovery, which is not addressed by the Avrami relation,
while the latter is due to the precipitation that takes place during the corrected (longer) interpass times. It was also found
that simulations using continuous deformations are applicable only if the interpass softening that would be expected using
the corrected interpass times does not exceed about 20 pct. 相似文献
20.
Various aspects on probabilistic modelling of cleavage fracture are discussed. The investigation involves consideration of
a unit cell with an explicitly modelled void. The results from this model are compared with results for the case when the
void content is accounted for in the sense of a Gurson-Tvergaard law. It is found that explicit modelling of the void can
give substantially different results for the fracture probability. The effect depends on the exponent in the assumed Weibull
distribution, the threshold stress, the constraint conditions and the hardening of the material.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献