Ultrasonic evaluation of gallbladder emptying with ceruletide: comparison to oral cholecystography with fatty meal

Assessment of gallbladder function is required prior to nonsurgical treatment of gallstones. In order to develop a practical and reproducible method of evaluation, gallbladder emptying was studied by ultrasound (US) in 55 gallstone patients after intramuscular administration of ceruletide (0.3 micrograms/kg). In 27 of these subjects, the US procedure was compared to oral cholecystography (OCG) with fatty meal. Maximal percent gallbladder contraction was reached 30 min after ceruletide in all patients. Maximal percent contractions were 47.5 +/- 27.7 during US with ceruletide and 33.9 +/- 16.3 during OCG with fatty meal (p = 0.03). A significant linear relationship was found between the results obtained with the two different procedures (r = 0.57; p = 0.002). Serial US determinations of gallbladder emptying were performed in 16 patients. Individual variation was below 20% in 11 subjects, and in five subjects it ranged between 20 and 40%. Minor, self-limiting side effects were observed in 13 patients. US determination of gallbladder emptying after ceruletide appears to be a practical and reliable method to assess gallbladder function.     

Visualization of the arteries, veins, and nerves of the orbit by sector computed tomography

Altering the scintillation crystal configuration of a fixed-detector CT scanner increased the spatial resolution from 6.25 to 10 line pairs per centimeter. Sector scans of th orbit with this modified scanner showed the ophthalmic artery and superior ophthalmic vein and their branches and the intraorbital branches of the third, fifth, and sixth nerves, apparently seen with CT for the first time.     

Infants' reactions to perceptual paradox during mother–infant interaction.

36 3-mo-old infants interacted with their mothers under conditions in which they could see and hear their mothers (correlated auditory plus visual information: A?+?V), see but not hear their mothers (V), and hear but not see their mothers (A); the latter 2 conditions are termed perceptual paradox. The interactions were videotaped, and the Ss' behavior was judged by naive observers who used a subjective 7-point rating scale of infant affect. For 2 groups of Ss, 3 1-min presentations of the A?+?V condition were alternated with 3 1-min presentations of either A (Group 1) or V (Group 2) conditions. In both groups, Ss were judged as being more distressed during unimodal presentations than during bimodal presentations. In a 3rd group, unimodal (A) presentations were alternated with unimodal (V) presentations. Ss in this group were significantly more distressed when they could hear but not see their mothers than when they could see but not hear their mothers. Results demonstrate the suitability of global subjective ratings of affective state in studies of infant perception. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Accumulation and metabolism of uneven fatty acids present in single cell protein

Liquipron and Toprina, obtained by growing yeasts (Candida maltosa and Candida lipolytica) on n-hydrocarbons, were investigated to ascertain the biological significance and possible toxicological implications of their high content of uneven fatty acids (UFA). It was confirmed that the extent to which UFA accumulate in adipose tissue of rats fed the 2 products reflects only partially their UFA contents. The presence of UFA in rat tissues does not appear to alter intermediate metabolism. The capacity of liver mitochondria ot oxidize palmitic acid was similar in control and in Liquipron-treated rats. Palmitic acid and heptadecanoic acid did not compete for oxidation when mixed at concentrations which reflect their presence in the tissues of animals fed high levels of Liquipron.