Nutritional and functional properties of honey

Due to its high carbohydrate content honey is an excellent energy source and possesses some functional effects. It is especially valuable for children and sportsmen. The glycemic index of honey varies from 32 to 91 depending on botanical origin. Honey contains also a great number of other constituents in small and trace amounts. This composition possesses numerous nutritional and biological effects: antimicrobial, antioxidant, prebiotic, immunomodulating activities. There is a suggestion on consumption rates.     

Interleaved Ultrawideband Antenna Arrays Based on Optimized Polyfractal Tree Structures

There is considerable interest in interleaving multiple phased array antennas into a single common aperture system. Current phased array antenna technology is limited to narrowband operation, leading to the appearance of grating lobes and strong mutual coupling effects when they are incorporated into the design of a common aperture system. To overcome this obstacle, a new class of arrays, called polyfractal arrays, has been introduced that possess natural wideband properties well suited for large-scale genetic algorithm optimizations. These arrays also possess recursive beamforming properties and an autopolyploidy-based chromosome expansion that can dramatically accelerate the convergence of a genetic algorithm. In addition, a robust Pareto optimization can be applied to reduce the peak sidelobe levels at several frequencies throughout the intended operating band, leading to ultrawideband antenna array designs. Because of their lack of grating lobes, these polyfractal arrays are ideal building blocks for interleaved antenna array systems. This paper develops these concepts, first creating ultrawideband array designs based on polyfractal geometries and then interleaving these designs into a common aperture system. Several examples of interleaved systems are discussed, with one two-array system possessing a peak sidelobe level of nearly -18 dB with no grating lobes over a 20:1 bandwidth with either of the component array mainbeams steered independently up to 60deg from broadside.     

Bioactive fluorapatite-containing glass ceramics

Fluorapatite-containing glass ceramics were synthesized on the basis of the glass-forming system SiO₂–Al₂O₃–P₂O₅–CaO–CaF₂. The introduction of phosphorus and fluorine containing materials, as well as the specific regime of heat treatment of the glasses gave glass ceramic materials with crystalline phases of the apatite group—fluorapatite (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆F₂), apatite (Ca₃(PO₄)₂), vitlokite (Ca₉P₆O₂₄), etc. The X-ray phase analysis showed that the main phase in all the glass ceramic samples was fluorapatite. The phase composition, structure and some of the basic properties of the glass ceramic samples were determined.     

Improving the Components of a High-Pressure Hydraulic System in a Piston Power Unit

Russian Engineering Research - Abstract—The influence of fuel-injector manufacture on the hydraulic characteristics of a piston power unit is explored. The existing fuel system for diesel...     

MAGE Spectrometer for the Investigation of Hadron–Nucleus Interactions and the Identification of Final Nuclear States

A combined spectrometer is composed of a wide-aperture magnetic spectrometer with proportional chambers and a -spectrometer based on a Ge(Li) detector. The respective momentum and the angular resolutions of the magnetic spectrometer are FWHM/p(%) = 0.59p (GeV/c) + 1.1 and 0.5–1 mrad; its average efficiency for 0°–5° angles is 85%. The energy resolution of the -spectrometer is 8 and 16 keV for 0.5- and 2.0-MeV photons, respectively; the average angular acceptance is 1.5 msr.     

Experience of Preparing Large Workpieces for Reactor Vessels of a New Generation of Universal Atomic Icebreakers

Metallurgist - During manufacture of integral type reactor vessels for installation in a new generation universal atomic icebreakers of the 22220 project improved steel grade15Kh2MFA-A mod. A is...     

Ohmic Contacts to CVD Diamond with Boron-Doped Delta Layers

Semiconductors - Various methods for the formation of ohmic contacts to boron-doped δ layers in CVD-diamond epitaxial structures are investigated. In the first variant, an additional thin...     

Molecular dynamics simulation of the formation of bimetallic core-shell nanostructures with binary Ni–Al nanoparticle quenching

Journal of Materials Science - Employing isothermal molecular dynamics, we simulated the self-assembly of core-shell nanostructures in the course of quenching binary Ni–Al nanoparticles (NPs)...     

New features of 23S ribosomal RNA folding: the long helix 41-42 makes a "U-turn" inside the ribosome

23S rRNA from Escherichia coli was cleaved at single internucleotide bonds using ribonuclease H in the presence of appropriate chimeric oligonucleotides; the individual cleavage sites were between residues 384 and 385, 867 and 868, 1045 and 1046, and 2510 and 2511, with an additional fortuitous cleavage at positions 1117 and 1118. In each case, the 3' terminus of the 5' fragment was ligated to radioactively labeled 4-thiouridine 5'-,3'-biphosphate ("psUp"), and the cleaved 23S rRNA carrying this label was reconstituted into 50S subunits. The 50S subunits were able to associate normally with 30S subunits to form 70S ribosomes. Intra-RNA crosslinks from the 4-thiouridine residues were induced by irradiation at 350 nm, and the crosslink sites within the 23S rRNA were analyzed. The rRNA molecules carrying psUp at positions 867 and 1117 showed crosslinks to nearby positions on the opposite strand of the same double helix where the cleavage was located, and no crosslinking was detected from position 2510. In contrast, the rRNA carrying psUp at position 384 showed crosslinking to nt 420 (and sometimes also to 416 and 425) in the neighboring helix in 23S rRNA, and the rRNA with psUp at position 1045 gave a crosslink to residue 993. The latter crosslink demonstrates that the long helix 41-42 of the 23S rRNA (which carries the region associated with GTPase activity) must double back on itself, forming a "U-turn" in the ribosome. This result is discussed in terms of the topography of the GTPase region in the 50S subunit, and its relation to the locations of the 5S rRNA and the peptidyl transferase center.