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141.
Rakel Lindström Henri Groult Sandrine Zanna Philippe Marcus 《Electrochimica acta》2006,51(23):5001-5011
In order to produce thin films of crystalline V2O5, vanadium metal was thermally oxidised at 500 °C under oxygen pressures between 250 and 1000 mbar for 1-5 min. The oxide films were characterised by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The lithium intercalation performance of the oxide films was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was shown that the composition, the crystallinity and the related lithium intercalation properties of the thin oxide films were critically dependent on the oxidation conditions. The formation of crystalline V2O5 films was stimulated by higher oxygen pressure and longer oxidation time. Exposure for 5 min at 750 mbar O2 at 500 °C resulted in a surface oxide film composed of V2O5, and consisting of crystallites up to 200 nm in lateral size. The thickness of the layer was about 100 nm. This V2O5 oxide film was found to have good cycling performance in a potential window between 3.8 and 2.8 V, with a stable capacity of 117 ± 10 mAh/g at an applied current density of 3.4 μA/cm2. The diffusion coefficients corresponding to the two plateaus at 3.4 and 3.2 V were determined from the impedance measurements to (5.2 and 3.0) × 10−13 cm2 s−1, respectively. Beneath the V2O5 layer, lower oxides (mainly VO2) were found close to the metal. At lower oxygen pressure and shorter exposure times, the oxide films were less crystalline and the amount of V4+ increased in the surface oxide film, as revealed by XPS. At intermediate oxygen pressures and exposure times a mixture of crystalline V2O5 and V6O13 was found in the oxide film. 相似文献
142.
Binding Mode and Structure–Activity Relationships around Direct Inhibitors of the Nrf2–Keap1 Complex 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Eric Jnoff Dr. Claudia Albrecht Dr. John J. Barker Dr. Oliver Barker Dr. Edward Beaumont Dr. Steven Bromidge Dr. Frederick Brookfield Dr. Mark Brooks Dr. Christian Bubert Dr. Tom Ceska Vincent Corden Dr. Graham Dawson Dr. Stephanie Duclos Dr. Tara Fryatt Dr. Christophe Genicot Dr. Emilie Jigorel Dr. Jason Kwong Rosemary Maghames Innocent Mushi Dr. Richard Pike Dr. Zara A. Sands Dr. Myron A. Smith Dr. Christopher C. Stimson Dr. Jean‐Philippe Courade 《ChemMedChem》2014,9(4):699-705
An X‐ray crystal structure of Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein (Keap1) co‐crystallised with (1S,2R)‐2‐[(1S)‐1‐[(1,3‐dioxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐isoindol‐2‐yl)methyl]‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolin‐2‐carbonyl]cyclohexane‐1‐carboxylic acid (compound (S,R,S)‐ 1 a ) was obtained. This X‐ray crystal structure provides breakthrough experimental evidence for the true binding mode of the hit compound (S,R,S)‐ 1 a , as the ligand orientation was found to differ from that of the initial docking model, which was available at the start of the project. Crystallographic elucidation of this binding mode helped to focus and drive the drug design process more effectively and efficiently. 相似文献
143.
Michel Tielemans Patrice Roose Chinh Ngo Roberto Lazzaroni Philippe Leclère 《Progress in Organic Coatings》2012
The waterborne nature of radiation curable polyurethane dispersions largely respond to the current environmental concerns and do not require any additional coalescent since the film formation (drying) and hardening (photo-curing) take place in distinct steps. It is possible to design aqueous dispersions with distinct polymer particle populations resulting in micro-structured coatings with optimized properties over a wide range of curing conditions. Mixed dispersions based on hard and soft acrylated polyurethane particles were used as model systems for the present study. The minimum film formation temperature has been investigated as a function of the hard:soft polymer ratio. The elastic modulus of the dry coatings shows a reinforcing effect consistent with the inclusion of hard domains in a soft continuous matrix. However, the level of reinforcement is not properly predicted by the usual mechanical models and it is qualitatively accounted for by assuming a composition gradient (interphase) between the hard domains and the matrix. The multiple-phase structure was clearly established by Atomic Force Microscopy in agreement with thermal analysis data. Furthermore the local nanoscale mechanical properties were mapped using a new imaging mode based on real-time force–distance curve analysis. Finally, the coatings prepared using this multiple-phase pattern present a clear benefit over conventional homogeneous coatings by offering an improved balance of chemical and mechanical resistance in pigmented systems applied on melamine-coated MDF panels. 相似文献
144.
Characterization of activated sludge flocs by confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Schmid M Thill A Purkhold U Walcher M Bottero JY Ginestet P Nielsen PH Wuertz S Wagner M 《Water research》2003,37(9):2043-2052
In this study we present a new approach to determine volumes, heterogeneity factors, and compositions of the bacterial population of activated sludge flocs by 3D confocal imaging. After staining the fresh flocs with fluorescein-isothiocyanate, 75 stacks of images (containing approx. 3000 flocs) were acquired with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The self-developed macro 3D volume and surface determination for the KS 400 software package combined the images of one stack to a 3D image and calculated the real floc volume and surface. We determined heterogeneity factors like the ratio of real floc surface to the surface of a sphere with the respective volume and the fractal dimension (D(f)). According to their significant influence on floc integrity and quality, we also investigated the chemical composition of flocs and quantified their bacterial population structure by using group-specific rRNA-targeted probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization. By a settling experiment we enriched flocs with poor settling properties and determined the above-mentioned parameters. This approach revealed shifts in floc volume, heterogeneity, and bacterial and chemical composition according to the settling quality of the flocs. 相似文献
145.
基于任意Lagrange-Euler描述(ALE),建立了分析流-固耦合问题的预报-更正算法.采用ALE描述下的Galerkin/最小二乘有限元法,完成了对具有运动边界的不可压缩粘性流的数值模拟;并提出基于更新Lagrange列式的伪弹性体法来计算网格运动;通过在耦合界面上对流体和固体分别施加Dirichlet和Neumann边界条件,建立了流-固耦合关系,并数值模拟了流道中与流速垂直的悬臂梁的流-固耦合过程,数值算例的结果验证了本文方法的有效性. 相似文献
146.
Nizard Philippe; Chenal Alexandre; Beaumelle Bruno; Fourcade Alain; Gillet Daniel 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》2001,14(6):439-446
We have shown previously that the diphtheria toxin transmembranedomain (T) may function as a membrane anchor for soluble proteinsfused at its C-terminus. Binding to membranes is triggered byacidic pH. Here, we further characterized this anchoring device.Soluble proteins may be fused at the N-terminus of the T domainor at both extremities, without modifying its membrane bindingproperties. This allows one to choose the orientation of theprotein to be attached to the membrane. Maximum binding to thecell surface is reached within 1 h. Anchoring occurs on cellspreviously treated with proteinase K, suggesting that T interactswith the lipid phase of the membrane without the help of cellsurface proteins. Binding does not permeabilize cells or affectcell viability, despite the fact that it permeabilizes liposomesand alters their structure. When attached to L929 fibroblasts,the proteins are not internalized and remain displayed at theirsurface for more than 24 h. When bound to K562 myeloid cells,the molecules are internalized and degraded. Thus, dependingon the cell type, soluble proteins may be anchored to the surfaceof cells by the T domain for an extended time or directed towardsan internalization pathway. 相似文献
147.
Guillaume Duflos Bruno Le Fur Veronique Mulak Philippe Becel Pierre Malle 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2002,82(12):1341-1345
Freezing is an efficient way of storing fish. Objectively though, it is very hard to determine whether a fish has been previously frozen. Following an appraisal of various methods, we selected a physical determination (torrymeter), a physiological examination (eye lens) and three enzymatic assays (α‐glucosidase, β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase and β‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA‐dehydrogenase) and applied them to three species: plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), whiting (Merlangus merlangus) and mackerel (Scomber scombrus). We also compared the results obtained following slow and rapid freezing and investigated how spoilage affects the torrymeter measurements and α‐glucosidase assay values. For whole fish the physical method using the torrymeter is a reliable indicator. For fish fillets we recommend the enzymatic method using the α‐glucosidase assay, which should be accompanied by measurement of the freshness to avoid confusing a frozen–thawed fish and a fish in an advanced stage of spoilage. The values noted for fresh and thawed whiting and plaice indicated cut‐off values of 0.15 for whiting and 0.5 for plaice, above which it can be asserted that the sample had been frozen. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
148.
Xavier Vanhoye Alexandre Janin Amandine Caillaud Antoine Rimbert Fabienne Venet Morgane Gossez Wieneke Dijk Oriane Marmontel Sverine Nony Charlotte Chatelain Christine Durand Pierre Lindenbaum Jennifer Rieusset Bertrand Cariou Philippe Moulin Mathilde Di Filippo 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(8)
Hypobetalipoproteinemia is characterized by LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB) plasma levels below the fifth percentile for age and sex. Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) is mostly caused by premature termination codons in the APOB gene, a condition associated with fatty liver and steatohepatitis. Nevertheless, many families with a FHBL phenotype carry APOB missense variants of uncertain significance (VUS). We here aimed to develop a proof-of-principle experiment to assess the pathogenicity of VUS using the genome editing of human liver cells. We identified a novel heterozygous APOB-VUS (p.Leu351Arg), in a FHBL family. We generated APOB knock-out (KO) and APOB-p.Leu351Arg knock-in Huh7 cells using CRISPR-Cas9 technology and studied the APOB expression, synthesis and secretion by digital droplet PCR and ELISA quantification. The APOB expression was decreased by 70% in the heterozygous APOB-KO cells and almost abolished in the homozygous-KO cells, with a consistent decrease in apoB production and secretion. The APOB-p.Leu351Arg homozygous cells presented with a 40% decreased APOB expression and undetectable apoB levels in cellular extracts and supernatant. Thus, the p.Leu351Arg affected the apoB secretion, which led us to classify this new variant as likely pathogenic and to set up a hepatic follow-up in this family. Therefore, the functional assessment of APOB-missense variants, using gene-editing technologies, will lead to improvements in the molecular diagnosis of FHBL and the personalized follow-up of these patients. 相似文献
149.
150.
Iron incorporated into food systems induces oxidation and precipitation. The consequences are reduced bioavailability and a functional modification of other food components such as proteins. The iron-chelates such as ferrous bisglycinate represent a possibility to avoid side effects, since the iron is protected. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of iron-chelates compounds on the properties of an oil/water interface stabilized by caseinate or β-lacotoglobulin, under environmental conditions at 20 °C. Analyses were performed using dynamic drop tensiometry during 5000 s. The aqueous bulk phase is an imidazole/acetate buffer (0.1 M), containing 0.4 × 10−6 M protein, and 0.2 × 10-6 9 M iron-chelates compounds. The results indicate that, under neutral conditions, the addition of some irons salts (NaFe-EDTA or Fe-bisglycinate) do not change the structure of the interface stabilized by a protein containing no phosphate groups (β-lactoglobulin). In the case of caseinate, NaFe-EDTA addition increases the lowering rate of surface tension at pH 6.5. On the contrary, the lowering rate of surface tension with caseinate is inhibited by Fe-bisglycinate at pH 6.5. Such an effect is not observed with β-lactoglobulin. The low transfer of irons ions from the bulk to the interface stabilized by β-lactoglobulin is confirmed by zetameter and FTIR measurements. These results indicate an effective strategy to follow for controlling the physical and chemical stability of an emulsion stabilized with proteins. 相似文献