Spectrum sensing scheduling for group spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks

This paper addresses the issues on spectrum sharing in a cognitive radio network consisting of a primary user and a group of cognitive users. Each cognitive user may occupy a non‐overlapped sub‐band of the primary spectrum, but it needs to perform spectrum sensing independently before accessing the sub‐band. To reduce the complexity of spectrum sensing and thus energy consumption, this paper proposes a scheduled spectrum sensing scheme. First, we consider a single spectrum sensing scenario where only one cognitive user is elected to perform spectrum sensing, and then it broadcasts its sensing results to the other cognitive users. The scheduled spectrum sensing scheme works in both network‐centric and user‐centric ways. Next, the scheduled spectrum sensing scheme is further generalized to work in a multiple spectrum sensing scenario. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes compared with the traditional schemes where all cognitive users may perform spectrum sensing at the same time. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Wide‐Band Fine‐Resolution DCO with an Active Inductor and Three‐Step Coarse Tuning Loop

This paper presents a wide‐band fine‐resolution digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) with an active inductor using an automatic three‐step coarse and gain tuning loop. To control the frequency of the DCO, the transconductance of the active inductor is tuned digitally. To cover the wide tuning range, a three‐step coarse tuning scheme is used. In addition, the DCO gain needs to be calibrated digitally to compensate for gain variations. The DCO tuning range is 58% at 2.4 GHz, and the power consumption is 6.6 mW from a 1.2 V supply voltage. An effective frequency resolution is 0.14 kHz. The phase noise of the DCO output at 2.4 GHz is –120.67 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset.     

Open‐Ended Waveguide Antenna Using a Single Split‐Ring Resonator

This letter proposes an open‐ended waveguide antenna with a single split‐ring resonator. In contrast to the waveguide antennas incorporating multiple rings reported in a previous study, which exhibited narrow bandwidth, the proposed antenna uses only one ring to achieve broader bandwidth while keeping the aperture small. A single ring has a relatively low quality factor compared to multiple rings. The simulated and measured fractional bandwidth was 4.13% and 4.03%, respectively, which is much broader than the fractional bandwidth of about 1% demonstrated in a previous study. This simple technique can be used in many applications that require small apertures including near‐field probes and array elements.     

Coexistence of OFDM‐Based IMT‐Advanced and FM Broadcasting Systems

Coexistence analysis is extremely important in examining the possibility for spectrum sharing between orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM)‐based international mobile telecommunications (IMT)‐Advanced and other wireless services. In this letter, a new closed form method is derived based on power spectral density analysis in order to analyze the coexistence of OFDM‐based IMT‐Advanced systems and broadcasting frequency modulation (FM) systems. The proposed method evaluates more exact interference power of IMT‐Advanced systems in FM broadcasting systems than the advanced minimum coupling loss (A‐MCL) method. Numerical results show that the interference power is 1.3 dB and 3 dB less than that obtained using the A‐MCL method at cochannel and adjacent channel, respectively. This reduces the minimum separation distance between the two systems, which eventually saves spectrum resources.     

Simulations and experiments for optimal deployment of an RFID‐based location‐aware system

The proliferation of communication and mobile computing devices and local‐area wireless networks has cultivated a growing interest in location‐aware systems and services. An essential problem in location‐aware computing is the determination of physical locations. RFID technologies are gaining much attention, as they are attractive solutions to indoor localization in many healthcare applications. In this paper, we propose a new indoor localization methodology that aims to deploying RFID technologies in achieving accurate location‐aware undertakings with real‐time computation. The proposed algorithm introduces means to improve the accuracy of the received RF signals. Optimal settings for the parameters in terms of reader and reference tag properties were investigated through simulations and experiments. The experimental results indicate that our indoor localization methodology is promising in applications that require fast installation, low cost and high accuracy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高频球面宽波束水声换能器研究

该文对高频球面宽波束水声换能器的声学特性与制作工艺进行了分析和研究,制作出了满足设计要求的换能器样品,并对其声学性能参数进行了测试。实验分析结果表明,研制的高频球面宽波束换能器具有在工作频带内模态单一,高频工作时水平和垂直方向具有宽波束等特点,该型水声换能器应用于声呐系统时,可有效增加声呐系统的辐射范围。     

临近空间高超声速飞行器红外辐射特性分析

为了对临近空间高超声速飞行器进行有效探测和预警,以X-51A为例,计算火箭助推段、超燃发动机工作段和无动力滑翔段、飞行器蒙皮、喷管和尾焰的双波段红外辐射特性.红外辐射计算的关键在于温度和有效辐射面积的确定.根据修正Lees驻点热流密度方法和辐射平衡时的辐射传热公式,计算出蒙皮的温度.用加力燃烧的涡喷发动机模型近似计算喷管的温度.把导弹尾焰温度分布场模型进行三段式简化,模拟出尾焰的红外辐射特性.仿真结果表明,在X-51A的不同飞行阶段,从不同探测角度观察到的各辐射部位对总体红外辐射贡献率差异较大;速度对蒙皮的红外辐射影响较大,而喷管和尾焰的红外辐射与火箭和超燃冲压发动机的燃烧状态有关.分析指出,当高超声速飞行器飞行姿态发生变化,或者在不同的飞行阶段,更适合采用双波段进行探测.     

论红外光学系统消热差技术中的归一化系数

温度变化对透镜成像效果的影响称为热差.为了使透镜在一定温度范围内具有稳定的成像质量,通常需要通过采取某些补偿措施来实现消热差.归一化系数是消热差数学模型的重要组成部分.讨论了归一化系数的概念及其在消热差技术中的应用情况.基于国内相关文献资料,介绍了红外光学系统消热差技术的发展思路与动态.     

莺歌海盆地东方区黄流组细粒厚层重力流砂体沉积特征

莺歌海盆地东方区中深层黄流组为浅海重力流沉积,表现为粒度细、迁移快、堆积厚的多期砂体组合。基于地震、测井、岩心及测试数据,分析了细粒厚层重力流砂体沉积特征,并探讨了浅海重力流沉积的控制因素。基于井震结合在东方区共识别出砂质碎屑流水道、浊积水道、富砂朵体和富泥朵体4种基本沉积单元。砂质碎屑流水道常位于朵体内部,均方根振幅为低值,剖面上呈U型或深V型,宽度多在1~2 km,测井单砂体厚度多大于25 m,主要发育含漂浮泥砾或泥质撕裂块状细砂岩相,取心段表现为多期反旋回特征;浊积水道剖面上表现为浅V型或蠕虫状反射,均方根振幅可为低值或高值,宽度多小于500 m,其水道末端多发育局部小型朵体,形成朵体-水道-朵体沉积样式,测井单砂体厚度多在10~25 m,主要发育递变层理和平行层理粉细砂岩相,发育不完整鲍马序列Ta-Tb段组合,取心段表现为多期正旋回特征;富砂朵体和富泥朵体表现为高连续反射,均方根振幅分别为高值和低值。研究区浅海重力流沉积受到物源供给、相对海平面变化和古地形地貌的共同控制。大规模蓝江三角洲前缘砂体是物质基础;随着海平面的上升,重力流的能量不断减弱,造成砂体发育规模减小、泥质含量增加、孔隙结构及物性变差,同时造成重力流流态的转变;陆架基底差异沉降形成的陆架低洼提供了浅海重力流沉积所需的可容纳空间,而不同的沉积样式主要受到局部古地貌的控制。     

煤层气直井地层破裂压力计算模型

为了高效开发煤层气、成功实施水力压裂作业,针对射孔完井条件下,对水力压裂时煤层的破裂压力进行预测。提出将套管、水泥环的影响纳入到井筒周围应力场计算中,运用坐标转换和线性叠加原理,建立了考虑套管、水泥环影响的煤层直井井周应力场解析模型。结合最大拉应力、张性破坏、剪切破坏3种破裂准则,建立了考虑套管、水泥环影响的煤层气直井破裂压力预测模型,分析了射孔径向深度、割理走向倾角、地应力差对破裂压力的影响。以云南地区X井为例,模型计算结果误差在7%以内,证明了该模型的正确性。研究结果表明：套管、水泥环会引起应力集中效应,使得破裂压力降低;在最大水平主应力方向射孔时,煤层更容易本体破裂;射孔周向角在一定区间时,本体破裂和割理张性破裂同时发生;中等割理走向倾角有较低的张性破裂压力,地应力差较小时,不易发生剪切破裂。