不同腌制条件下大叶麻竹笋质构特性及色泽变化规律的研究

以大叶麻竹笋为原料,研究了大叶麻竹笋腌制前后质构和色泽的变化与食盐浓度、温度的关系。研究结果表明:大叶麻竹笋经腌制后,反映其质构特性的硬度、内聚性和咀嚼性三个质地参数的数值都会降低,且腌制食盐浓度越低、温度越高,三个质地参数的数值降低的越多。同时,大叶麻竹笋经腌制后,会失去原有的色泽,腌制食盐浓度和温度越高,大叶麻竹笋失色越严重。      

Numerical study on the influence of centroid-to-buoyancy center ratio on the motion stability of supercavitating vehicle

In order to study and solve the influence of the change of the position of the centroid of the supercavitating vehicle on the motion stability, the influence law of the position of the centroid of the supercavitating vehicle on the motion stability is found, and the quantitative criterion that can guide the design of the supercavitating vehicle is summarized. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the dynamic mesh technology combined with the volume of fluid multiphase flow model and the rigid body six degrees of freedom motion calculation model is used to carry out the supercavitating vehicle motion and supercavitating flow field coupling numerical simulation research for supercavitating vehicles with different cavitator shapes. The results show that the position relationship between the centroid position and the buoyancy position has a great influence on the motion stability of the vehicle. When the center of buoyancy is before the center of mass, the vehicle is unstable; when the center of buoyancy is behind the center of mass, the vehicle sails stably, and when the position of buoyancy action coincides with the center of mass, the amplitude of the tail beat of the vehicle is the smallest, and the navigation is the most stable, which is the best position of the centroid. In this article, the concept of centroid-to-buoyancy center ratio is proposed. The so-called centroid-to-buoyancy center ratio refers to the ratio of the length from the centroid to the top of the head of the supercavitating vehicle to the length from the center of buoyancy to the top of the head of the vehicle. When the centroid-to-buoyancy center ratio fluctuates in the range of [0.8–1], it is an ideal condition for the stable navigation of the vehicle. When the centroid-to-buoyancy center ratio is in the range of (0, 0.8), the tail beat frequency is high, which accelerates the kinetic energy consumption and the rapid instability of the vehicle. Therefore, under the same constraint conditions, it is not that the closer the center of mass is, the better the stability of the vehicle motion is. The optimal centroid position is not a certain “point,” but a “periodic fluctuation interval” that changes with the buoyancy center.     

铝合金摆动激光-MIG复合焊接特性及气孔控制

对高铁6 mm的6061铝合金进行激光摆动-电弧锁底对接焊,以焊缝熔深与气孔率为指标,借助扫描电子显微镜 (scanning election microscope, SEM),电子背散射衍射(electron backscatter diffraction, EBSD)等表征手段分析了摆动频率对焊缝微观组织与力学性能的影响规律. 结果表明,当摆动频率升高为250 Hz时,焊缝气孔率降至1%以下,靠近熔合线附近的焊缝区域主要由柱状枝晶组成,而焊缝中心电弧区域主要由等轴枝晶组成,激光摆动频率变化会影响单位周期内光束前进距离,进而影响光束对熔池后方的搅拌能力强弱,随着激光摆动频率的增大,熔池的搅拌作用效果增强,焊缝中心等轴枝晶细化程度明显,晶粒尺寸由68 μm降至44 μm. 当摆动频率为250 Hz时,接头的抗拉强度达到最大为229 MPa, 约为母材强度的73%,焊缝气孔率的降低和焊缝中心细化的枝晶组织为接头强度提高提供了有利条件.

     

石墨/紫铜低温连接接头界面组织和性能分析

石墨与金属焊接是实现材料性能优越化的有效途径。从介绍石墨与金属焊接技术需求和难点出发,重点综述了石墨与铝合金、铜合金以及其他合金钎焊、扩散焊连接领域的研究进展,总结了钎焊、扩散焊技术实现石墨与金属有效冶金结合的机理,分析了活性钎料在钎焊过程中的作用以及润湿性研究成果,简单概括了石墨与金属的连接性能,最后指出了当前焊接存在的问题、钎焊和扩散焊技术未来的发展方向,为进一步深入研究及工程应用提供理论基础及技术支撑。

     

花生红衣乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯组分抑菌活性的研究

花生红衣乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯部位加入AB-8大孔树脂层析柱中,用20%、40%、60%、80%、100%乙醇水溶液依次洗脱,得到花生红衣乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯组分,采用滤纸片法研究其抑菌活性,确定最小抑菌浓度。结果表明:花生红衣乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯组分对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、青霉、毛霉和黑曲霉的生长具有一定的抑制作用,最低抑菌浓度均为0.5 g/L,且抑菌圈大小随浓度的增加而变大。花生红衣乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯组分均具有广谱抑菌活性。      

采用FCF染色法测定粮食破碎率

根据染色剂快绿FCF与粮粒破碎部分能够形成蓝色复合物,该复合物溶于稀Na OH溶液,本研究采用比色方法定量了OD₆₁₀与粮食破碎率之间的关系。建立了FCF染色法测定玉米、小麦及糙米破碎率方法,对5²0 g样品用体积为样品质量克数2倍的0.1%FCF染料染色20 min后,用蒸馏水冲洗直到水显示无色,再用体积为样品质量克数2倍的0.01 mol·L^-1Na OH溶液洗脱样品30 min,对洗脱液采用紫外分光光度计测定OD₆₁₀。整个操作在1 h内完成。该方法检测玉米、小麦及糙米破碎率范围分别在40%、20%及60%以上,但是不适合大米和大豆破碎率检测。OD₆₁₀（y）与破碎率（x）之间的线性方程对玉米、小麦及糙米代表品种分别为y=0.034x+0.316、y=0.071x+0.204、y=0.049x+0.206,相关系数高于0.998。      

随机质心映射优化法(RCO)提取皮亚曼石榴皮中黄酮类化合物

利用随机质心映射优化法(RCO),以乙醇浓度、超声时间、提取温度和料液比为影响因子,研究新疆皮亚曼石榴皮中黄酮类化合物的超声波提取工艺。结果表明:经过RCO两轮循环后得出超声波法提取石榴皮中黄酮类物质最佳工艺:乙醇浓度为87%、超声时间为37 min、提取温度为59℃、料液比为1∶24(g/m L)。优化后皮亚曼石榴皮中总黄酮的得率为25.56%。经过相关性分析得知,提取温度和乙醇浓度对总黄酮的得率影响较大,且呈负相关,表明皮亚曼石榴皮中黄酮类化合物的极性较大。当石榴皮黄酮浓度为12 mg/m L时,对DPPH自由基的清除率可达91.6%。      

基于Color Lines先验的高阶马尔科夫随机场去雾

传统的一阶马尔科夫随机场在图像先验信息表达和对图像整体的约束上能力有限,同时基于暗通道的去雾算法在天空等大片白色区域处理效果存在偏差。针对以上问题,该文提出一种基于Color Lines 的高阶马尔科夫随机场去雾算法。该算法通过引入对颜色失真具有很好鲁棒性的Color Lines 先验条件,初步校正经暗通道获取的传输图,然后利用高阶马尔科夫随机场优化传输图,获取最终精确的去雾图像。实验结果表明,与已有算法相比,该文算法具有更强的普适性,可提高雾天图像的清晰度,同时恢复更多的图像细节等信息。     

Breast Cancer Vaccine Containing a Novel Toll-like Receptor 7 Agonist and an Aluminum Adjuvant Exerts Antitumor Effects

Mucin 1 (MUC1) has received increasing attention due to its high expression in breast cancer, in which MUC1 acts as a cancer antigen. Our group has been committed to the development of small-molecule TLR7 (Toll-like receptor 7) agonists, which have been widely investigated in the field of tumor immunotherapy. In the present study, we constructed a novel tumor vaccine (SZU251 + MUC1 + Al) containing MUC1 and two types of adjuvants: a TLR7 agonist (SZU251) and an aluminum adjuvant (Al). Immunostimulatory responses were first verified in vitro, where the vaccine promoted the release of cytokines and the expression of costimulatory molecules in mouse BMDCs (bone marrow dendritic cells) and spleen lymphocytes. Then, we demonstrated that SZU251 + MUC1 + Al was effective and safe against a tumor expressing the MUC1 antigen in both prophylactic and therapeutic schedules in vivo. The immune responses in vivo were attributed to the increase in specific humoral and cellular immunity, including antibody titers, CD4⁺, CD8⁺ and activated CD8⁺ T cells. Therefore, our vaccine candidate may have beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer patients.     

A Changing Light Environment Induces Significant Lateral CO2 Diffusion within Maize Leaves

A leaf structure with high porosity is beneficial for lateral CO₂ diffusion inside the leaves. However, the leaf structure of maize is compact, and it has long been considered that lateral CO₂ diffusion is restricted. Moreover, lateral CO₂ diffusion is closely related to CO₂ pressure differences (ΔCO₂). Therefore, we speculated that enlarging the ΔCO₂ between the adjacent regions inside maize leaves may result in lateral diffusion when the diffusion resistance is kept constant. Thus, the leaf structure and gas exchange of maize (C₄), cotton (C₃), and other species were explored. The results showed that maize and sorghum leaves had a lower mesophyll porosity than cotton and cucumber leaves. Similar to cotton, the local photosynthetic induction resulted in an increase in the ΔCO₂ between the local illuminated and the adjacent unilluminated regions, which significantly reduced the respiration rate of the adjacent unilluminated region. Further analysis showed that when the adjacent region in the maize leaves was maintained under a steady high light, the photosynthesis induction in the local regions not only gradually reduced the ΔCO₂ between them but also progressively increased the steady photosynthetic rate in the adjacent region. Under field conditions, the ΔCO₂, respiration, and photosynthetic rate of the adjacent region were also markedly changed by fluctuating light in local regions in the maize leaves. Consequently, we proposed that enlarging the ΔCO₂ between the adjacent regions inside the maize leaves results in the lateral CO₂ diffusion and supports photosynthesis in adjacent regions to a certain extent under fluctuating light.