Distinct Responses to Pathogenic and Symbionic Microorganisms: The Role of Plant Immunity

Plants must balance both beneficial (symbiotic) and pathogenic challenges from microorganisms, the former benefitting the plant and agriculture and the latter causing disease and economic harm. Plant innate immunity describes a highly conserved set of defense mechanisms that play pivotal roles in sensing immunogenic signals associated with both symbiotic and pathogenic microbes and subsequent downstream activation of signaling effector networks that protect the plant. An intriguing question is how the innate immune system distinguishes “friends” from “foes”. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role and spectrum of innate immunity in recognizing and responding to different microbes. In addition, we also review some of the strategies used by microbes to manipulate plant signaling pathways and thus evade immunity, with emphasis on the use of effector proteins and micro-RNAs (miRNAs). Furthermore, we discuss potential questions that need addressing to advance the field of plant–microbe interactions.     

Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 β-Glucan Attenuates Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Induced Disruption of Intestinal Epithelium in Weaned Pigs

To explore the protective effect of dietary β-glucan (BGL) supplementation on intestinal epithelium exposure to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), thirty-two weaned pigs were assigned to four groups. Pigs were fed with a basal diet or basal diet containing 500 mg/kg BGL, and were orally infused with ETEC or culture medium. Results showed BGL supplementation had no influence on growth performance in weaned pigs. However, BGL supplementation increased the absorption of D-xylose, and significantly decreased the serum concentrations of D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the ETEC-challenged pigs (p < 0.05). Interestingly, BGL significantly increased the abundance of the zonula occludens-1-(ZO-1) in the jejunal epithelium upon ETEC challenge (p < 0.05). BGL supplementation also increased the number of S-phase cells and the number of sIgA-positive cells, but significantly decreased the number of total apoptotic cells in the jejunal epithelium upon ETEC challenge (p < 0.05). Moreover, BGL significantly increased the duodenal catalase (CAT) activity and the ileal total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in the ETEC-challenged pigs (p < 0.05). Importantly, BGL significantly decreased the expression levels of critical inflammation related proteins such as the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlukin-6 (IL-6), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the jejunal and ileal mucosa upon ETEC challenge (p < 0.05). BGL also elevated the propanoic acid content and the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacillus in the colon upon ETEC challenge (p < 0.05). These results suggested BGL could alleviate the ETEC-induced intestinal epithelium injury, which may be associated with suppressed inflammation and improved intestinal immunity and antioxidant capacity, as well as the improved intestinal macrobiotic.     

Hypoxia Promotes Angiogenic Effect in Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformation Endothelial Cells

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is characterized by high-flow blood vessels connecting arteries and veins without capillaries. This disease shows increased angiogenesis and a pathophysiological hypoxic environment in proximal tissues. Here, we analyzed the effects of hypoxia on angiogenesis in the endothelial cells (ECs) of AVM and normal tissues. ECs from human normal and AVM tissues were evaluated using immunocytochemistry with CD31. In vitro tube formation under hypoxia was tested in both ECs using Matrigel. The relative expression of angiogenesis-related genes was measured using real-time PCR. Under normoxia, CD31 was significantly higher in AVM ECs (79.23 ± 0.65%) than in normal ECs (74.15 ± 0.70%). Similar results were observed under hypoxia in AVM ECs (63.85 ± 1.84%) and normal ECs (60.52 ± 0.51%). In the tube formation test under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, the junction count and total vessel length were significantly greater in AVM ECs than normal ECs. Under both normoxia and hypoxia, the angiogenesis-related gene FSTL1 showed a significantly higher expression in AVM ECs than in normal ECs. Under hypoxia, CSPG4 expression was significantly lower in AVM ECs than in normal ECs. Accordingly, the angiogenic effect was increased in AVM ECs compared with that in normal ECs. These results provide a basic knowledge for an AVM treatment strategy.     

氧化锌矿处理方法现状

在湿法炼锌系统中,大量的氟氯离子不仅阻碍电解工序的顺利进行,同时也加速了设备的腐蚀。本文采用碱洗工艺脱除多膛炉高氟氯氧化锌烟灰中的氟、氯,研究了碳酸钠浓度、碱洗温度、碱洗时间、液固比、氢氧化钠浓度对氟氯脱除率及锌损失率的影响。结果表明,在碳酸钠浓度为150 g/L,碱洗时间为2 h,反应温度80℃,矿浆液固比5∶1,氢氧化钠浓度为40 g/L的条件下,复合碱液对多膛炉氧化锌氟氯的脱除率较佳,分别为85.01%、93.57%,锌的损失率为2.67%。     

废弃锂电池电极材料中有价金属的赋存状态

这是一篇材料工程领域的论文。随着近年来新能源行业的蓬勃发展,2030年我国退役磷酸铁锂动力电池规模或达153.1万t。出于保护我国战略性矿产资源和减少环境污染的需要,研究开发出绿色、高效、可持续的废旧磷酸铁锂电池回收工艺已刻不容缓。本文以废旧磷酸铁锂电池的主要组成部分及一般回收流程为研究对象,介绍了预处理、正极材料、负极材料、电解液等多种回收工艺的原理、优缺点及研究现状。在此基础上,对废旧磷酸铁锂电池回收的未来研究方向提出了自己的观点,以期为我国废旧磷酸铁锂电池回收技术的产业化发展提供参考。     

构造煤的成因—属性分类

为了研究原生煤和构造煤的吸附扩散特性,采用甲烷吸附装置和解吸装置对2种煤样进行了实验。结果表明,构造煤的极限甲烷吸附量是原生煤的1.18倍,并且在相同甲烷吸附压力下构造煤的吸附能力强于原生煤。当甲烷吸附平衡压力为0.74 MPa和2 MPa时,构造煤的固定扩散系数分别是原生煤的7.3倍和4.5倍,表明构造煤的初始气体扩散能力远高于原生煤。2种煤样的时变扩散系数都随着解吸时间的推移先快速降低后趋于稳定。构造煤的扩散衰减系数在0.74 MPa和2 MPa气体平衡压力下分别达到了96.6%和95.8%,远大于原生煤的扩散衰减系数38.1%和45.7%。

     

基于数字孪生的山岭地区高速公路施工进度管理研究

本研究将数字孪生技术引入高速公路施工进度管理,提出了利用BIM参数化建模和实景建模技术构建山岭地区高速公路数字孪生模型的方法,设计了基于蓝牙技术、GPS技术及ZigBee技术的数据采集和映射方案,并在此基础上构建了基于数字孪生的进度推演模型。本文以雷榕高速公路工程项目为依托,利用数字孪生模型和数据采集技术实时获取现场工程量和进度影响信息数据,通过数据驱动的方式构建进度推演模型,使施工过程中的进度安排、资源配置更加合理,减少由于工期延误造成的成本问题或赶工引发的质量问题。     

企业级工程大数据服务平台研究与应用

针对体育场馆、机场航站楼、会展、医疗、超高层、基础设施等建筑类型,以机器学习、面向对象的二次开发技术为关键技术支点,从现代工程管控的重点、难点出发,对《工程大数据服务平台》进行系统研究,深入汇总分析工程数据信息,构建基于建造、设计、采购、施工、运维的多种综合指标,实现数据可视化、数据挖掘、预测分析等功能,能够全面辅助提升各级管理人员在工程总承包管控中的工作方式,从微观的角度夯实工程总承包管控的“智慧化”技术基础。通过整合重大项目的设计、分包、产品采购供应链资源、施工组织、重难点工程的技术方案、新技术资源以及运维阶段的数据资源,有助于充分发挥企业的规模优势,实现各类工程建造资源的整合和共享,使各类工程建造资源更好地服务于工程总承包管理,助力企业实现低成本运营和高质量发展。