Synchrophasor communication

Synchronized phasor measurements provide the basis for fine-grained wide area power quality monitoring in electric grids. Time-synchronized phasor measurement units (PMUs) are deployed at different locations in the grid and report 10–60 measurements/second to energy management systems or other applications. For control applications it is crucial to receive measurement data as soon as possible after a state change in order to trigger corrective actions in time to prevent incidents in the grid. In this paper we analyze characteristics of synchrophasor M2M communication for different network technologies, including VDSL, HSPA and LTE networks. We briefly review synchrophasor communication approaches and real-time demands. We then emulate PMU traffic and perform measurements on different networks. We show how the underlying technology influences one-way delay patterns for synchrophasor communication, which has direct implication on the achievable real-time properties.     

Efficient prediction of drug–drug interaction using deep learning models

A drug–drug interaction or drug synergy is extensively utilised for cancer treatment. However, prediction of drug–drug interaction is defined as an ill‐posed problem, because manual testing is only implementable on small group of drugs. Predicting the drug–drug interaction score has been a popular research topic recently. Recently many machine learning models have proposed in the literature to predict the drug–drug interaction score efficiently. However, these models suffer from the over‐fitting issue. Therefore, these models are not so‐effective for predicting the drug–drug interaction score. In this work, an integrated convolutional mixture density recurrent neural network is proposed and implemented. The proposed model integrates convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks and mixture density networks. Extensive comparative analysis reveals that the proposed model significantly outperforms the competitive models.Inspec keywords: cancer, learning (artificial intelligence), drugs, recurrent neural nets, convolutional neural nets, drug delivery systemsOther keywords: drug synergy, drug–drug interaction score, drug–drug interaction prediction, deep learning, cancer treatment, machine learning, convolutional mixture density recurrent neural network     

REACTIVE EXTRACTION OF LEVULINIC ACID FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS WITH TRI-n-OCTYLAMINE (TOA) IN 1-OCTANOL: EQUILIBRIA,KINETICS, AND MODEL DEVELOPMENT

Levulinic acid, a carboxylic acid containing a ketone structure, can be used as an acidulant in foods and beverages. Reactive extraction is a promising alternative for the recovery of carboxylic acids from aqueous streams. The design of an amine extraction process requires kinetic data for the acid-amine + solvent system used. In this study, equilibrium and kinetic data on the extraction of levulinic acid from aqueous solutions using tri-n-octylamine (TOA) in 1-octanol have been determined. The mass transfer coefficients of levulinic acid, TOA, and 2:1 levulinic acid-amine complex in 1-octanol were calculated from the acetic acid mass transfer coefficient, which was determined by measuring its fluxes of simple diffusion from kerosene to water. Based on the Hatta number and the criterion given by Doraiswamy and Sharma, the reaction regime has been found to be instantaneous reaction regime occurring at the interface on the organic phase side. An extraction model comprising equilibrium complexation constant w.r.t 2:1 levulinic acid-TOA complex formation, K_E2i (14.794 (m³ kmol^?1)²), and complex mass transfer coefficient, k_B2A (2.193 × 10^?6 m s^?1), has been developed.     

Synthesis,characterization and catalytic activity of Fe(III) complexes containing Schiff base and triphenylphosphine ligands

The oxidation of alcohols to carbonyls was investigated by an efficient catalyst system comprising of Fe(III)–Schiff base–triphenylphosphine complex. The complex chloroN-(2-mercaptophenyl)salicylideneiminebis(triphenylphosphine)iron(III) showed higher activity for oxidation of various alcohols under relatively mild conditions.     

Electrodeposition and properties of nanocrystalline ZnO films prepared in the presence of anionic surfactant SDS and ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate

ZnO thin films were potentiostatically electrodeposited on transparent tin oxide conducting glass substrates at ?1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in the presence of anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and hydrophobic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate [bmim][CH₃SO₄]. X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation confirm the formation of nanocrystalline and stoichiometric ZnO thin films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results reveal that the grain size of the deposited ZnO film is reduced from 85 to 28 nm when small amount of ionic liquid is added to the deposition bath. Photoluminescence study at room temperature shows a clear absorption edge in the ultra violet (UV) region confirming the high quality, nanocrystalline and stoichiometric nature of the deposited ZnO films.     

Oxidation of vanillin by peroxomonosulphate-thermodynamic and kinetic investigation

The oxidation of vanillin by peroxomonosulphate (PMS) in acetic acid–sodium acetate buffered medium was carried out at 308 K. The rate was first order with respect to [vanillin] and [PMS]. The rate increased with increase in pH and the rate was too fast to be measured at pH 5.2. The rate increased with increase in [acetate] and the plot of k_obs versus [acetate] was a straight line with positive intercept. Variation of ionic strength had no effect on the rate of the reaction. Effects of polarity were studied with five different solvents and in all the cases, log k_obs versus 1/? were linear with negative slope. The reaction had been carried out at four different temperatures and the activation and thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The product of oxidation was confirmed as vanillic acid by IR, ¹H NMR and GC-MS spectral analysis. Based on the results obtained a reaction scheme had been proposed and the rate law was derived.     

ESTIMATION OF ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS AT INFINITE DILUTION OF HALOCARBONS IN WATER AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN HYDROFLUOROPARAFFINS USING NEURAL NETWORKS

Infinite dilution activity coeffcents ( 1) of 19 halocarbons in water and 18 organic compounds in 5 hydrofluoroparaffins over a temperature range of 291 333K have been estimated by the method of neural nets. The network was trained using 351 data points covering 18 halocarbons in water and 17 organic compounds in 4 hydrofluoroparaffins, and generalization test was carried out using the remaining 92 data points covering one halocarbon in water, 17 organic compounds in a hydrofluroparaffin, and an organic compound in 5 hydrofluoroparaffins. Seven inputs are included in the network, namely the temperature, dipole moment, molar refraction and critical pressure of the solute and solvent. The network represented the data with an overall average absolute deviation of 11.8% estimated on the basis of the values of 1. The result obtained could be considered reasonable in view of the wide variations in the values of the input properties and 1 values and the varied nature and size of compounds treated. Among the several variables studied, dipole moment contributed to the correlation the most, followed by the critical pressure. Further study on the applicability of MLR (multilinear regression) method revealed the overwhelming superiority of the neural network over MLR.     

Effects of (conductive polypyrrole)‐modified tire dust on the mechanical,electrical, and morphology properties of (low‐density polyethylene)/(tire dust) composites

The effects of conductive polypyrrole (PPy) as a coupling agent on the mechanical properties, morphology, electrical properties, and thermal degradation of (low‐density polyethylene)/(tire dust) (LDPE/TD) composites were studied. LDPE/TD composites with different TD loadings and added PPy were prepared with a Brabender Plasticorder. The LDPE/TD_T (treated with PPy) composites showed higher values of tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and swelling resistance than LDPE/TD composites. Scanning electron microscopy morphology revealed that the interfacial adhesion between the TD and LDPE phases was improved by the addition of conductive PPy. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 20:131–136, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Mode shapes and frequencies of radially symmetric vibrations of annular sandwich plates of variable thickness

An analysis and numerical results of radially symmetric vibrations of annular sandwich plates with core of linearly varying thickness are presented. The face sheets are treated as membranes of constant thickness, and the core is assumed to be solid as well as moderately thick. Due to linear thickness variation in the core, the face sheets take the shape of a truncated conical shell and because of this the face sheets membrane forces contribute to the bending and transverse shear of the core of the sandwich plate. Keeping this in view, the equations of motion for such a plate are developed by Hamilton’s energy principle. The frequency equations for three different combinations of boundary conditions, namely clamped at the inner edge and clamped or simply supported or free at the outer edge, are obtained by employing the differential quadrature method. The lowest three roots of these frequency equations have been reported as the frequencies for the first three modes of vibration. The effect of various plate parameters such as taper parameter, thickness of the core at the center, face thickness, and radii ratio on the natural frequencies has been analyzed. Three-dimensional mode shapes for a specified plate for all the three boundary conditions are illustrated. A comparison of results is presented.     

Two level security for medical images using watermarking/encryption algorithms

In this article, an attempt is made to provide two level securities for medical images using watermarking and encryption. Watermarking provides security and encryption, authenticates medical image and provides integrity. Watermarking is performed by using a new nontensor product wavelet filter banks, which have the ability to reveal singularities in different directions. Natural image is taken as the original image and the medical image is taken as a watermark image. The medical image is embedded into the LH sub band of the natural image. The encryption is performed by RSA, AES, and RC4 algorithms. A qualitative comparative analysis of the proposed algorithm is done for different encryption methods. The proposed algorithm has the ability to withstand different attacks like noise, rotation, contrast, and brightness attacks. Performance analysis is made by calculating PSNR, SSIM, NC, and CV.