隐蔽油气藏勘探现状与对策分析

隐蔽油气藏有不同的定义，但现在比较一致的认识是指在现有勘探方法和技术水平条件下，较难识别和描述的油气藏类型。目前，它主要包括砂砾岩体、火山岩体、深部潜山、低幅度背斜和裂缝型油气藏。本文通过对目前我国隐蔽油气藏勘探现状和主要难题的分析，提出隐蔽油气藏勘探的对策为：创新勘探思路、优化勘探方法、开展全方位研究评价、多学科联合勘探、大胆应用新理论、新技术等。笔者认为，反复认识、不断创新是隐蔽油气藏勘探不断取得突破的有效途径。     

Antitumor activity of SRI 62-834, a cyclic ether analog of ET-18-OCH3

SRI 62-834, an analog of the antitumor agent ET-18-OCH₃ in which the oxygen atom at carbon atom 2 has been incorporated into a five-membered heterocycle, has been prepared and evaluated as an antitumor agent. The compound exhibited good cytotoxicity in vitro against a variety of tumor cell lines and was as effective as ET-18-OCH₃ given orally in the mouse Meth A sarcoma model. SRI 62-834 was shown to be an inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), possibly at the receptor level, and platelet-activating factor (PAF) at the receptor level.     

Evaluation of six commercial kits for detection of human immunoglobulin M antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. The FDA Toxoplasmosis Ad Hoc Working Group

As a result of reports received by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of false-positive results obtained with FDA-cleared in vitro diagnostic kits for the detection of Toxoplasma-specific human immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, an FDA-sponsored evaluation of six kits was performed. A battery of 258 serum specimens, including 30 specimens drawn 1 to 5 months after initial Toxoplasma infection and 228 specimens from Toxoplasma IgG-positive individuals, Toxoplasma IgG-negative individuals, rheumatoid factor-positive persons, and persons determined to be Toxoplasma IgM positive by commercially available assays, was assembled, randomly assorted, and coded. The battery was tested at the FDA with six commercially available kits, at the Palo Alto Medical Foundation (PAMF) by the PAMF double-sandwich IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PAMF IgM ELISA), and at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by the CDC EIA IgM. The results of the PAMF IgM ELISA that were obtained with the battery were considered to be the "gold standard" for this study; specificity rates were computed by considering the PAMF results to be 100% specific. Sensitivity and specificity rates were found to be as follows: CDC EIA IgM, 100 and 99.1%, respectively; Abbott IMx Toxo IgM, version 1, 100 and 77.5%, respectively; Abbott IMx Toxo IgM, version 2, 93.3 and 97.3%, respectively; Abbott Toxo-M EIA, 100 and 84.2%, respectively; BioMérieux Vitek VIDAS Toxo IgM, 100 and 98.6%, respectively; BioWhittaker Toxocap-M, 100 and 95.9%, respectively; Gull Toxo IgM, 97 and 85.6%, respectively; and Sanofi Diagnostics Pasteur Platelia Toxo IgM, 100 and 96.8%, respectively. Although the extent of false-positive reactions with these kits cannot be calculated because the study was retrospective and sample choices were biased, the results may be useful as an indicator of the relative specificities of these kits.     

低需水的新拌水泥浆体流变性研究

在对水泥浆体流变模型和流变性能影响因素分析的基础上，研究了外加剂掺量、SO3含量、矿渣掺量等对新拌水泥浆流变性能的影响。用旋转粘度计对新拌水泥浆进行了动态检测，低需水量水泥的新拌水泥浆具有良好的流变性能，同时它的流变模型符合宾汉姆流变模型。     

Thermal Conductivity of Methane-Hydrate

The thermal conductivity of the methane hydrate CH₄ (5.75H₂O) was measured in the interval 2–140 K using the steady-state technique. The thermal conductivity corresponding to a homogeneous substance was calculated from the measured effective thermal conductivity obtained in the experiment. The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity is typical for the thermal conductivity of amorphous solids. It is shown that after separation of the hydrate into ice and methane, at 240 K, the thermal conductivity of the ice exhibits a dependence typical of heavily deformed fine-grain polycrystal. The reason for the glass-like behavior in the thermal conductivity of clathrate compounds has been discussed. The experimental results can be interpreted within the phenomenological soft-potential model with two fitting parameters.PACS numbers: 66.70 +f, 63.20 −e, 63.20 Pw, 63.50 +x.     

Hemt’s capability for millimeter wave applications

This paper presents a tutorial review on the High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs)for low-noise and power applications at millimeter wave range frequencies. The major parameters to achieve high performance with such devices are discussed. Present status on power and noise performances is given for InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs on InP and GaAs substrates.     

Dynamic fracture toughness test and master curve method analysis of IAEA JRQ material

IAEA conducted a round-robin fracture test program to test and verify the Master Curve method. One of the materials selected for the round-robin is a A-533B1 plate designated as reference material JRQ. Unnotched Charpy-size specimens were fabricated and distributed to a number of testing laboratories. The three US Owners Groups received specimens for both Charpy impact and three-point bending tests to establish fracture toughness master curves. The B&W Owners Group elected to perform a dynamic fracture toughness test under a high loading rate using the JRQ specimens. The master curve method was successfully applied to numerous fracture toughness data sets of pressure vessel steels. Joyce [Small Specimens Test Technique, ASTM STP 1329, 1997, ASTM] applied this method to high loading rate fracture toughness data for A-515 steel and showed the applicability of this approach to dynamic fracture toughness data. This paper presents the data and the resulting reference temperature shift in the Master Curves from static to dynamic fracture data. Based on earlier PTS analyses performed in 1985, an appropriate T₀ shift value is selected for nuclear power plant applications. This shift in T₀ is compared with the temperature shift between K_Ic and K_Ia curves in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.     

Structural and quantitative evolution of organic matters in oil shale during two different retorting processes

In this study, traditional strongly endothermic anaerobic retorting (AR) and relatively novel self-heating retorting (SHR) processes for oil shale (OS) were investigated and compared in detail. These studies mainly involve the structural and quantitative evolution of organic matters in OS during retorting, including varieties of crystallite parameters, carbon framework structure, amounts of various structural carbons and toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and so on. The obtained results well elucidate some reaction pathways in AR and SHR as well as certain differences between the two retorting processes. Moreover, based on our former work that verifies SHR greatly simplifies retorting operation by in situ generating heat to replace external heat carrier/provision, this study further demonstrates that SHR also alleviates the environmental effect of organic toxic residues as compared to AR. The present study provides some critical results not only for penetrating the reaction mechanism but also for assessing or controlling the environmental impact of both retorting processes.