Thermomechanical heat of deformation studies on cis-polybutadiene

Thermomechanical heat of torsional deformation measurements have been made on crosslinked cis-polybutadiene by means of a Calvet microcalorimeter operated at 30°C. When corrected for volume changes utilizing the Gaussian statistical theory of elasticity, the data gave a value for the relative energy contribution to the torsional couple, $\text{M}{}_{\mathrm{e}}\text{M}$, of 0.14 ± 0.02. Measurements were also made on a sample subjected to simple tensile deformations. The relative energy contribution to the tensile force ($\text{f}{}_{\mathrm{e}}\text{f}$) was found to agree within experimental error with the value obtained for $\text{M}{}_{\mathrm{e}}\text{M}$, and the two results gave an average value for din $\text{〈r}{}^2{}_0\text{〉}\text{d}\text{T}$ of 4.1 × 10^?4 K^?1.     

SHELF AND SHELLOW BASIN OIL AS RELATED TO HOT-DEEP ORIGIN OF PETROLEUM

Oil and gas pools in shallow basins of on the shallow, stable shevles of deeper sedimentary basins appear to be exceptions to the model of a hot-deep origin of petroleum. However, the oil in shallow basins is directly associated with faulting extending out of the deepest parts of the basin. Evidence exists that some of these shallow basins have been much hotter in the past either from igneous activity of from a higher geothermal gradient. Uplift and erosion may also have removed substantial thicknesses of sediments in some of these basins. Oil on the stable, shallow, shelvees of deep basins could originated in the deeper part of the basin and undergone long lateral migration to the traps where it is now found. Conduits for such migration could have been sandstones in delta-distributary systems (E Oklahoma and Kansas), reef trends (Alberta, Canada), or regional porosity and permeability in sheet carbonates (Anadarko basin. W. Oklahoma and Kansas). The model discussed herein allows us to (1) predict which areas of the stable shelves of deep basins should produce hydrocarbons and which areas should not, (2) predict the type of hydrocarbon (gas or oil), (3) set the limit of lateral updip migration, of hydrocarbons within any one formation in a basin, and (4) predict the downdip occurrence of hydrocarbons in the formation. The model should aslo help us determine which shallow cratonic basins should produce oil and which should not.     

Simple theory of double-barrier tunneling

The author analyzes resonant electron tunneling in parallel-plane heterostructures that have a central well region enclosed by two generalized barriers, which are reflectors of the Bloch waves. A single Bloch pair is assumed for the central region as well as in the surrounding semi-infinite semiconductors. The transmission probability versus electron energy is obtained for this model in terms of the transmission probabilities of the two barrier elements taken separately and the quasi-classical transit time for the trapped electron to make one circuit of the central well layer. The implications and limitations of these results are briefly discussed     

Song-note discriminations in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata): Categories and pseudocategories.

Sturdy, Phillmore, and Weisman (1999) developed a simple, reliable procedure for classifying zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) song notes into types using exemplar notes from 4 captive North American laboratory colonies. In the present experiment, zebra finches learned true-category song-note discriminations based on Sturdy et al.'s note-type classification faster than pseudocategory discriminations based on random assortments of the same notes. Also, birds in the true-category discrimination were able to sort notes not heard during training into the same categories as the training notes. This evidence suggests that zebra finches accurately sort conspecific song notes into the same open-ended categories as Sturdy et al.'s human observers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Resident resistance

Despite their severe and global cognitive impairments, some patients with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia continue to perform some complex mental activities skillfully. This paper briefly describes the artistic and game-playing skills of dementia patients, presents preliminary findings indicating that dementia patients with preserved skills exhibit slower cognitive deterioration than patients without retained cognitive skills, and illustrates how caregivers and other persons can utilize preserved abilities in the management of agitated and disruptive behavior.     

Applying artificial neural network models to clinical decision making.

Because psychological assessment typically lacks biological gold standards, it traditionally has relied on clinicians' expert knowledge. A more empirically based approach frequently has applied linear models to data to derive meaningful constructs and appropriate measures. Statistical inferences are then used to assess the generality of the findings. This article introduces artificial neural networks (ANNs), flexible nonlinear modeling techniques that test a model's generality by applying its estimates against "future" data. ANNs have potential for overcoming some shortcomings of linear models. The basics of ANNs and their applications to psychological assessment are reviewed. Two examples of clinical decision making are described in which an ANN is compared with linear models, and the complexity of the network performance is examined. Issues salient to psychological assessment are addressed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)