Improving Water Supply Outlook in Korea with Ensemble Streamflow Prediction

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to propose an alternative forecasting approach for improving the current water supply outlook in Korea. Using a rainfall-runoff model, the existing technique for the water supply outlook in Korea produces monthly low, average, and high runoff forecasts. The proposed technique is called Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP), and is currently implemented by the National Weather Service in the U.S.A. ESP appears particularly valid in Korea where the historical rainfall record is much more comprehensive than the historical streamflow record. This study applies ESP to runoff forecasting for a river basin in Korea to examine its applicability. An ensemble of one-month ahead runoff forecasts at the Gongju gauging station in the Keum River basin, Korea, was generated for each month. The resulting ESP forecasts were compared with the corresponding observed runoff data as well as the existing forecasts. Although this study is limited to one case study, the following conclusions can be made: (1) the ESP technique dominates the existing forecasting techniques in terms of both systematic and random errors; and (2) ESP is more accurate when high flows occur.     

Part-based spatio-temporal model for multi-person re-identification

In this paper we propose an adaptive part-based spatio-temporal model that characterizes person’s appearance using color and facial features. Face image selection based on low level cues is used to select usable face images to build a face model. Color features that capture the distribution of colors as well as the representative colors are used to build the color model. The model is built over a sequence of frames of an individual and hence captures the characteristic appearance as well as its variations over time. We also address the problem of multiple person re-identification in the absence of calibration data or prior knowledge about the camera layout. Multiple person re-identification is a open set matching problem with a dynamically evolving and open gallery set and an open probe set. Re-identification is posed as a rectangular assignment problem and is solved to find a bijection that minimizes the overall assignment cost. Open and closed set re-identification is tested on 30 videos collected with nine non-overlapping cameras spanning outdoor and indoor areas, with 40 subjects under observation. A false acceptance reduction scheme based on the developed model is also proposed.     

玉米须化学成分研究

将干燥玉米须水煮提取,提取液依次用乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,制得乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物,用硅胶柱层析进行分别分离两种提取物得到4个化合物,依据理化性质及波普数据分析,分别鉴定它们的结构为：香草醛（1）、硬脂酸（2）、尿囊素（3）和邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯（4）。其中,化合物1和3为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Loss mechanisms and high power piezoelectrics

Heat generation is one of the significant problems in piezoelectrics for high power density applications. In this paper, we review the loss mechanisms in piezoelectrics first, followed by the heat generation processes for various drive conditions. Heat generation at off-resonance is caused mainly by dielectric loss tan δ′ (i.e., P-E hysteresis loss), not by mechanical loss, while the heat generation at resonance is mainly attributed to mechanical loss tan φ′. Then, practical high power materials developed at Penn State is introduced, which exhibit the vibration velocity more than 1 m/s, leading to the power density capability 10 times of the commercially available “hard” PZTs. We propose a internal bias field model to explain the low loss and high power origin of these materials. Finally, using a low temperature sinterable “hard” PZT, we demonstrated a high power multilayer piezoelectric transformers.     

铸造C12A耐热钢的焊接及组织与性能的研究

本文对铸造C12A高强耐热钢进行了组织与性能、可焊性、焊缝组织变化厦性能特点等方面进行了研究分析。试验结果表明：淬火组织为板务马氏体＋部分针状马氏体＋少量残余奥氏体，其硬度比较高，塑性和韧性不是很好；淬火＋回火组织为保留马氏体形态的回火索氏体，其硬度不是很高，塑性和韧性比较好，具有盘好的综合性能；退火组织为铁素体，其硬度低，塑性和韧性高；焊接后的全相组织中，没有焊接裂纹等焊接缺陷存在，具有良好可焊性。对于淬火＋回火后的铸造C12A耐热钢，经过焊接，基体组织和性能没有明显发生变化，过渡区的金相组织为板条马氏体＋奥氏体组织，其硬度有所降低；熔化区的金相组织为针状马氏体＋奥氏体＋板条马氏体，硬度很高；焊后经过回火处理的基体佥相组织与性能没有变化。过度区的金相组织为保留板条马氏体形态的回火索氏体组织，较基体组织要粗大，其硬度要比基体有所下降；熔化区的金相组织转变为保留板每马氏体的回火索氏体，但组织较为基体组织要细小，其性能表现为硬度要比基体的有所升高。铸造C12A焊接后再经回火处理，可使焊接后的组织差别消除；性能变化趋于平缓，有利于材料的使用。     

Electron Acoustic Solitons

Electron acoustic solitons in collisionless and weakly relativistic plasmas are studied. The Krylov–Bogoliubov–Mitropolsky perturbative technique is employed to obtain the nonlinear Schrodinger wave equation. We have numerically investigated modulational instability for different values of the streaming velocity. Graphs have been plotted to see the change in amplitude and inverse width by varying different plasma parameters.     

Determining driver visual attention with one camera

This paper presents a system for analyzing human driver visual attention. The system relies on estimation of global motion and color statistics to robustly track a person's head and facial features. The system is fully automatic, it can initialize automatically, and reinitialize when necessary. The system classifies rotation in all viewing directions, detects eye/mouth occlusion, detects eye blinking and eye closure, and recovers the three dimensional gaze of the eyes. In addition, the system is able to track both through occlusion due to eye blinking, and eye closure, large mouth movement, and also through occlusion due to rotation. Even when the face is fully occluded due to rotation, the system does not break down. Further the system is able to track through yawning, which is a large local mouth motion. Finally, results are presented, and future work on how this system can be used for more advanced driver visual attention monitoring is discussed.     

Editorial

Machine Vision and Applications -     

Managing Information for Effective Business Partner Relationships

Partner Relationship Management (PRM) is an information strategy that employs a set of applications focused on directly impacting an enterprise and its business partners' sales and services. Web services employ a distributed computing architecture that consists of many different computers that communicate over the Internet to form one system. the communication standards and protocols used in Web services are universally accepted. These Web services can be requested by client applications: Web based, windows, or mobile devices. This article presents an overview of PRM and Web services, and discusses the potential for improving partner relationship processes through the use of Web services.     

Tri-view morphing

This paper presents an efficient image-based approach to navigate a scene based on only three wide-baseline uncalibrated images without the explicit use of a 3D model. After automatically recovering corresponding points between each pair of images, an accurate trifocal plane is extracted from the trifocal tensor of these three images. Next, based on a small number of feature marks using a friendly GUI, the correct dense disparity maps are obtained by using our trinocular-stereo algorithm. Employing the barycentric warping scheme with the computed disparity, we can generate an arbitrary novel view within a triangle spanned by three camera centers. Furthermore, after self-calibration of the cameras, 3D objects can be correctly augmented into the virtual environment synthesized by the tri-view morphing algorithm. Three applications of the tri-view morphing algorithm are demonstrated. The first one is 4D video synthesis, which can be used to fill in the gap between a few sparsely located video cameras to synthetically generate a video from a virtual moving camera. This synthetic camera can be used to view the dynamic scene from a novel view instead of the original static camera views. The second application is multiple view morphing, where we can seamlessly fly through the scene over a 2D space constructed by more than three cameras. The last one is dynamic scene synthesis using three still images, where several rigid objects may move in any orientation or direction. After segmenting three reference frames into several layers, the novel views in the dynamic scene can be generated by applying our algorithm. Finally, the experiments are presented to illustrate that a series of photo-realistic virtual views can be generated to fly through a virtual environment covered by several static cameras.