Exact Solutions for Sequent Depths Problem

Design of a stilling basin downstream of a barrage requires knowledge of various elements of hydraulic jump with known values such as the discharge and the energy lost in the jump. The problem reduces to solution of the implicit equations for sequent depths requiring the tedious method of trial and error. Presented herein are the exact equations for sequent depths.     

Synthesis and characterization of mechanically strong carboxymethyl cellulose–gelatin–hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for load-bearing orthopedic application

Novel three-dimensional hybrid polymer–hydroxyapatite nanocomposites have been developed as load-bearing synthetic bone graft through in situ mineralization process, using natural polymers carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and gelatin (Gel) as matrix. This process is simple and does not involve any chemical cross-linker. Detailed structural and physicochemical characterization of the samples disclosed that incorporation of gelatin with CMC assists the formation of CMC-Gel polymeric network of new conformational structure through non-covalent interactions (H-bond). The formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) in this polymeric network was occurred in such a fashion that the HA serves as bridging molecule which strengthen the polymeric network more and formed a mechanically strong three-dimensional CMC-Gel-HA nanocomposite. The synthesized CMC-Gel-HA nanocomposites have compressive strength and modulus in the range of 40–86 MPa and 0.4–1.2 GPa, respectively, analogous to human cancellous as well as cortical bone. In vitro cell interaction of the synthesized nanocomposites with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells has been evaluated. Results showed that synthesized CMC-Gel-HA nanocomposite promote cells for high alkaline phosphatase activity and extracellular mineralization. Extracellular mineralization ability of nanocomposite was investigated by alizarin red staining and von Kossa staining. Biodegradable nature and bone apatite formation ability of CMC-Gel-HA nanocomposite under simulated physiological environment were investigated by different characterization processes. Results indicated that the synthesized CMC-Gel-HA nanocomposite has great potential to be used as regenerative bone graft in major load-bearing region.     

Correction to: Elliptic Curve Cryptography Based Authentication Protocol Enabled with Optimized Neural Network Based DoS Mitigation

Wireless Personal Communications -     

Novelty‐driven recommendation by using integrated matrix factorization and temporal‐aware clustering optimization

With the rapid proliferation of information and communication technology (ICT), the vast amount of available data creates information overload. The Websites and e‐commerce applications employ several information filtering methods such as personalized recommender system to manage the information overload. The recommender system assists the users in obtaining the desired list of products based on their interest. Several existing research works focus on the novelty or unexpectedness in the recommendation list while ensuring the quality to enhance the recommendation mechanism. It is essential to balance the unexpected and useful products or services to generate the satisfactory personalized recommendations with novelty. Thus, this paper proposes a novelty‐driven movie suggestion using integrated matrix factorization and temporal‐aware clustering optimization (NOMINATE). The proposed approach determines the personalized preferences through probabilistic matrix factorization (PMF) and contextually updates the rules and extracts the user preferences based on the inherent features of both the users and movies with temporal information. The NOMINATE approach also suggests the novelty‐driven, and desired top‐N movies to the users through the K‐means, and particle swarm optimization (PSO)‐based clustering algorithm with the help of LOD source. To identify the expert users, the NOMINATE approach applies the K‐means and PSO‐based clustering algorithm to enrich the personalized features of the users. Moreover, it integrates the relevant features with the preferred set of features for each user using the LOD source and decides a set of optimal preferences of the users. Finally, the NOMINATE approach generates the top‐N recommendation list for the corresponding user through ranking method. The experiment results stipulate that the NOMINATE approach personalize the top‐N movie recommendations with high performance regarding accuracy and novelty when compared with the existing recommendation method.     

Harnessing biofuels: A global Renaissance in energy production?

Biofuel, peoples’ long awaiting alternative fuel, is yet to struggle a long way to reach in retail outlet all over the world as an economical and environmental friendly fuel. Biofuels include bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, bio-synthetic gas (bio-syngas), bio-oil, bio-char, Fischer-Tropsch liquids, and biohydrogen. Among these bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas are predominant which can be produced either using chemical catalyst or biocatalyst from biomass. At present, the conventional process involves the chemical catalyst while a rigorous research is focused on using a biocatalyst. This review brings out the advantages and disadvantages of using different type of catalyst in biofuel production and emphasis on new technologies as an alternative to conventional technologies.     

Physico-chemical,antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Indian monsooned coffee

Monsooned coffee is one of the world specialty coffees processed only in India. Monsooned Malabar (MM) and Monsooned Robusta (MR) are processed from native Arabica and Robusta coffees. Few of the parameters like moisture, density, pH, color, soluble solids, phenols, caffeine and chlorogenic acids differed significantly compared to the native coffees. Antioxidant activity of MM and MR were 62.23 and 69.53%, respectively. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of the water-soluble extracts of MM and MR were investigated on food-borne pathogens by the well diffusion method and the results indicated maximum inhibition in E. coli followed by Yersinia and Listeria species. Fungal isolates were resistant to water-soluble extracts compared to bacteria. MR was more sensitive in inhibition of growth compared to MM. The chromatographical fractions other than caffeine, chlorogenic acid and theobromine, MC4 and MC5 exhibited antimicrobial activity. The fractions MC4 and MC5 were identified as quinic acid and spinasterol by LC–MS analyses. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the water-soluble extracts of monsooned coffee have been reported for the first time.     

An approach to the detection of synthetic milk in dairy milk: 3. Detection of vegetable oil and sodium bicarbonate

A high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the detection of groundnut oil and palm oil, the main constituents of synthetic milk, was developed. The minimum detectable level of the oils was 80 mg/100 ml. The rosolic acid qualitative test was found to be sensitive enough to detect levels as low as 20 mg/100 ml sodium bicarbonate in milk.     

Modeling and transient simulation of planes in electronic packages

This paper presents a modeling and simulation approach for ground/power planes in high speed packages. A plane pair structure is first characterized in terms of its impedance (Z) matrix at arbitrary port locations in the frequency domain. This solution is then extended for multiple plane pairs under the assumption that skin effect is prominent at higher frequencies causing isolation between the layers. Since the solutions are in analytical form, the frequency and transient response can be computed efficiently requiring small computational time. To develop spice models, equivalent circuits are constructed using resonator models with passive elements using model order reduction methods. This paper also discusses a method for incorporating decoupling capacitors into the plane models. The simulation results show good correlation with measured data