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71.
Mechanical properties characterization is needed in many industrial applications yet sufficient amount of material for fabricating standard-sized testing specimens is often not available. Techniques for testing miniaturized specimen must be adopted. Much effort has been made to develop techniques for impact, fracture toughness and tensile properties of sub-sized specimens. Work on the testing of fatigue properties is more limited. In this study, fatigue crack propagation behavior is evaluated from the growth of surface crack in a cylindrical rod under tension. Rods of various lengths and diameters were tested. As the size of the rod specimen is reduced, the fatigue crack growth rate tends to increase when correlated using the stress intensity factor range. This increase is explained largely by the decrease in the degree of premature crack closure in the small specimens. Valid fatigue crack growth data can be obtained among the specimens examined except on the crack growth on the surface of the smallest specimen, which has a length of 26 mm and diameter of 8 mm. Even so, valid data can still be elucidated on the latter specimen if the interior growth is considered. The dimensions of the latter specimen allow fatigue properties to be evaluated using broken remnants from impact or other test specimens. 相似文献
72.
中、美流域水资源管理机制比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
萨斯奎哈纳流域管理委员会的委员由美国联邦政府和其流域内纽约、宾夕法尼亚、马里兰三个州的代表组成。在《萨斯奎哈纳流域协议》(联邦法律)的授权下。该委员会有权处理流域内的任何水资源问题。相比之下.国内的流域机构没有流域内省(自治区、直辖市)的代表作为委员,流域水行政管理的职能还不能满足流域内社会经济发展的实际需要。因此,形成和完善以流域为单元的水资源管理法律框架是有效保护、开发和管理流域水资源的基础,建立包括流域内省(自治区、直辖市)为代表的流域管理委员会可以提供一个有代表性、长效的管理机构。流域管理委员会应着重加强流域水资源保护、开发和管理的综合规划,注重流域的公共利益和社会服务.重视水质、湿地、洄游鱼类、珍稀物种和文化遗产保护.切实担当起河流代言人和保护神的角色。 相似文献
73.
La doping effects on intergrowth Bi2WO6–Bi3TiNbO9 ferroelectric ceramics were studied by X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis and dielectric spectroscopy. It was found that the La3+ distribution, ferroelectric phase transition and dielectric relaxation behavior are apparently affected by La doping. With increasing La3+ content, the site of dopant ion varies, the grain growth of Bi5TiNbWO15 is restrained, the Curie temperature is reduced and broadened. Furthermore, two dielectric relaxation loss peaks were observed both in temperature and frequency spectra. The calculated relaxation parameters revealed the oxygen vacancy related to the relaxation process. 相似文献
74.
Bing Q. Han Farghalli A. Mohamed Enrique J. Lavernia 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2003,34(1):71-83
In the present study, the mechanical properties of Fe processed via severe plastic deformation (equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP)) at room temperature were investigated for the first time.
The grain size of annealed Fe, with an initial grain size of about 200 μm, was reduced drastically during ECAP. After eight passes, the grain size reaches 200 to 400 nm, as documented by means of
transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The value of microhardness during pressing increases 3 times over that of the starting
material after the first pass and increases slightly during subsequent pressing for higher-purity Fe. Examination of the value
of microhardness after eight passes as a function of post-ECAP annealing temperature shows a transition from recovery to recrystallization,
an observation that resembles the behavior reported for heavily deformed metals and alloys. The tensile and compression behaviors
were examined. In tension, a drop in the engineering stress-engineering strain curve beyond maximum load was observed both
in the annealed Fe and the ECAP Fe. This drop is related to the neck deformation. The fracture surface, examined by scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), shows vein patterns, which is different from the dimples found on the fracture surface of annealed
Fe. In compression, an initial strain-hardening region followed by a no-strain-hardening region was observed in the ECAP Fe.
The yield strength in tension of the ECAP Fe was observed to be higher than that in compression. The strengthening mechanisms
and softening behavior are discussed. 相似文献
75.
Squeeze-film effects of perforated plates for small amplitude vibration are analyzed through modified Reynolds equation (MRE).
The analytical analysis reckons in most important influential factors: compressibility of the air, border effects, and the
resistance caused by vertical air flow passing through perforated holes. It is found that consideration of air compressibility
is necessary for high operating frequency and small ratio of the plate width to the attenuation length. The analytical results
presented in this paper agree with ANSYS simulation results better than that under the air incompressibility assumption. The
analytical analysis can be used to estimate the squeeze-film effects causing damping and stiffness added to the system. Since
the value of Reynolds number involved in this paper is low (< 1), inertial effects are neglected. 相似文献
76.
77.
Mushroom-like ZnO microcrystals have been prepared via a solution calcination route, using Zn(NO3)2 as Zn source in the absence of any surfactants, templates or catalysts. This is the first example to prepare mushroom-like crystals as semiconductors, which are expected to show particular physical properties. The ZnO products were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum measurements. A suitable concentration of Zn(NO3)2 solution was important for the growth of the mushroom-like products. The reported synthetic procedure is straightforward and inexpensive, and thus can be readily adopted to produce large quantities of mushroom-like ZnO microcrystals. 相似文献
78.
79.
M. Liu Q. Fang G. He L.Q. Zhu S.S. Pan L.D. Zhang 《Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing》2006,9(6):876
High-k HfOxNy thin films have been grown by radio frequency (rf) reactive sputtering of metal Hf target in N2/Ar/O2 ambient at different substrate temperatures. The chemical compositions of the films have been investigated as a function of substrate temperature by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS measurements showed that nitrogen concentration increases with an increase in substrate temperature. Room-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) with photon energy 0.75–6.5 eV was used to investigate the optical properties of the films. SE results demonstrated that refractive index n increases with an increase in substrate temperature. Based on TL parameters which were obtained from the best fit results used in a simulation of the measured spectra, meanwhile, we conclude that the energy band gap (Eg) decreases with an increase in substrate temperature. 相似文献
80.
A Novel Segmentation and Feedback Model for Resolving Contention in Optical Burst Switching 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A novel segmentation and feedback model (SFM) applied to resolve contention is proposed. Simulation and performance analyses show that the SFM effectively avoids contentions in optical burst switching (OBS). The long delay time of deflection routing and the immature technology of wavelength converters and optical buffers are not deployed in the SFM. The SFM does not only realize fast switching but also allows preemption by higher priority bursts. 相似文献