Tissue-engineered scaffolds have been extensively explored for treating bone defects; however, slow and insufficient vascularization throughout the scaffolds remains a key challenge for further application. Herein, a versatile microfluidic 3D printing strategy to fabricate black phosphorus (BP) incorporated fibrous scaffolds with photothermal responsive channels for improving vascularization and bone regeneration is proposed. The thermal channeled scaffolds display reversible shrinkage and swelling behavior controlled by near-infrared irradiation, which facilitates the penetration of suspended cells into the scaffold channels and promotes the prevascularization. Furthermore, the embedded BP nanosheets exhibit intrinsic properties for in situ biomineralization and improve in vitro cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Following transplantation in vivo, these channels also promote host vessel infiltration deep into the scaffolds and effectively accelerate the healing process of bone defects. Thus, it is believed that these near-infrared responsive channeled scaffolds are promising candidates for tissue/vascular ingrowth in diverse tissue engineering applications. 相似文献
The positioning technology based on receive signal strength (RSS) fingerprints has become one of the hottest research spots with its advantages of simple deployment, low cost, and single parameter. However, in the limited space, the multipath and shadowing, result in poor separability of the fingerprint data, and low accuracy of target localization. In this paper, a novel RSS fingerprints positioning algorithm that is based on fuzzy kernel clustering SVM is proposed to combat the multipath and shadowing effects. The first step of the proposed positioning algorithm is to use kernel function to map the traditional fingerprints sample data to high-dimensional feature space to generate fuzzy classes. The second step is to generate binary-class SVM of fuzzy class based on the relationship between classes and internal discrete information of each class. After that, we can use the binary fuzzy class SVM to dichotomize the classified fingerprints in the first step, and combine these dichotomous SVMs into a handstand classification binary tree. And thus, the proposed positioning algorithm achieves quick and accurate positioning. Experimental results show that the positioning accuracy and locating stability of proposed positioning algorithm are improved by 38.73% and 59.26%, respectively, compared with the traditional RSS fingerprints algorithm.
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials demonstrate promising applications in high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.5% (https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html).However, intrinsically volatile and thermally unstable nature of the organic cations result in poor thermal stability of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials, hampering the commercialization of organic-inorganic hybrid PSCs[1].All-inorganic CsPbl3-xBrx (x =0-3) perovskites have been attracting great attention in recent years because of their higher thermal stability[2].Among the reported CsPbl3-xBrx perovskites, CsPbl2Br bears a reasonable balance between bandgap and phase stability, thus becomes the most extensively studied material[3-15].Though there are many works aiming at achieving high-efficiency CsPbl2Br PSCs, improving the photostability of CsPbl2Br PSCs is another key for commercialization of all-inorganic PSCs.Intriguingly, it has been reported that CsPbl2Br is susceptible to make light-induced phase segregation, i.e.severe segregation of CsPbl2Br to low-bandgap I-rich and wide-bandgap Br-rich domains via ion diffusion, leading to obvious current-voltage hysteresis and decrease of stabilized power output (SPO)[16-20].Such a light-induced phase segregation can be suppressed by optimizing the interface between perovskite layer and charge-transport layer[18, 19]. 相似文献
The formation of sulphates in an industrial Ni-W Hydroprocessing (HP) catalyst was investigated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). A small fluidized bed test unit with on-line sampling device was constructed to simulate industrial sulfidation and oxyregeneration processes of HP catalysts. The results obtained show that the sulfates observed on the surface of sulfided catalysts are not formed during the sulfidation process. Two oxidation processes seem to be responsible for the formation of sulfates. One of the processes happens when the catalyst is exposed to air before it is properly cooled. The other is a slow conversion at ambient temperature. The two different processes might be associated to different sulfidic species formed during the sulfidation processes, with the sulfides in the bulk of catalyst particles being more easily oxidized than the ones on the external surface of the catalyst particles. The sulfate formed during the air oxidation of sulfided catalysts, as well as that after oxyregeneration is not aluminum sulfate but nickel sulfate in both cases. XPS results also indicate that oxygenates in the feedstock are not directly involved in the sulfate formation. 相似文献