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991.
Yu Jin Joshi S.G. 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》1996,43(3):491-494
It is found that an acoustic wave which is nearly polarized in the shear horizontal (SH) direction can propagate along the X axis of a Z-cut lithium niobate plate if the ratio h/λ, where h=plate thickness and λ=acoustic wavelength, is less than about 0.5. Attractive properties of this quasi-SH wave include: (1) phase velocity nearly constant for all values of h/λ; (2) ability to propagate in contact with a liquid medium; and (3) electromechanical coupling coefficient as high as 0.15. These properties make the wave attractive for use in a variety of sensor and signal processing applications. An example of sensor applications is illustrated by using the wave to measure conductivity of liquids (aqueous KCl solution). The frequency of a 12-MHz quasi-SH mode oscillator fabricated on a 0.48 wavelength thick Z-X lithium niobate plate is found to vary by more than 80 kHz for variation in KCI concentration from 0 to 0.15% 相似文献
992.
In this study, an aluminum based metallic matrix (Al-2wt.% Cu) was reinforced with SiC particulates using a conventional casting technique and a new disintegrated melt deposition technique. Microstructural characterization studies conducted on the samples taken from disintegrated melt deposition technique revealed a more uniform distribution of SiC particulates and good interfacial integrity between SiC particulates and metallic matrix when compared to the conventionally cast composite samples. Results of ambient temperature mechanical tests demonstrate an increase in 0.2% YS and ultimate tensile strength of samples taken from disintegrated melt deposition technique when compared with the unreinforced and conventionally cast composite samples. The results of microstructural characterization and mechanical testing were finally rationalized in terms of the nature of processing technique employed to reinforce Al-2wt.% Cu metallic matrix with SiC particulates. 相似文献
993.
R. C. Moreton 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》1996,22(1):11-23
The future for tablet excipients is reviewed from a number of viewpoints: new materials, formulation development, quality, regulatory aspects, logistics, and production. The field of excipients is changing rapidly in response to economic, regulatory, and scientific pressures. As our understanding of drug delivery improves, so will the demands we place on excipients and on their quality, both chemical and functional. In order to fully optimize drug delivery systems, a better understanding of excipients and their properties and limitations is required. The materials science approach to the study of excipients will help to increase our understanding of excipients and how best to use them. But excipients are only one part of the very complex mechanism whereby new medicinal products are brought to the marketplace. It is important that the processes of formulation design and development are properly integrated to obtain optimized drug delivery systems as early as possible. Developments in related fields such as manufacturing technology, logistics, and analytical techniques will also influence the field of excipients. 相似文献
994.
Pharmacodynamic Comparison of a Nasal Formulation of Verapamil and Intravenous and Oral Dosage Forms
The nasal route has been shown to be effective for the administration of numerous drugs in order to improve drug bioavailability. A nasal gel of verapamil hydrochloride was formulated and evaluated pharmacodynamically in humans, using electrocardiographic results, with comparison to oral and IV routes. Seven volunteers were involved in the study and the pharmacodynamic parameters were evaluated statistically. Experimental nasal gel showed similar pharmacodynamic results with the intravenous route, which is a hint to the reduction in verapamilinduced first-pass metabolism. However, oral route of administration showed a tendency of less efficacy. No reasonable effect of verapamil could be obtained with the placebo group. 相似文献
995.
The release of ibuprofen from mixtures of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) has been studied in vitro and complemented by x-ray diffraction measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and melting point determinations via hot-stage microscopy (HSM). Results indicate that ibuprofen release can be affected markedly by alteration of the PVAc concentration. The molecular weight of the PEG and the pH of the dissolution medium are also shown to affect the release profile. Visual observation during the drug release process revealed a complex behavior which included emission of liquidlike droplets, formation of a crust around the releasing mass, and/or production of flakes of solid material. This behavior appeared to have a disadvantageous effect on the reproducibility of drug release. Construction of a phase diagram from results of thermal analysis using DSC and HSM indicated the formation of an eutectic mixture with a composition of 35% ibuprofen and 65% PEG 1500 and a melting point of 36°C. The complex behavior of the drug-releasing mass is discussed in terms of this phase diagram. Only the release data for systems containing 4% w/w or more of PVAc could be linearized by plotting against the square root of time whereas data for all of the systems studied could be linearized by first-order plots. 相似文献
996.
Tsukude M. Arimoto K. Hidaka H. Konishi Y. Hayashikoshi M. Suma K. Fujishima K. 《Design & Test of Computers, IEEE》1993,10(2):6-12
Two testing techniques for ultra-large-scale integrated (ULSI) memories containing on-chip voltage downconverters (VDCs) are described. The first in an on-chip VDC tuning technique that adjusts internal VCC to compensate for the monitored characteristics of the process parameters during repair analysis testing. The second is an operating-voltage margin test, performed at various internal VCC levels during the water sort test (WT) and the final shipping test (FT) 相似文献
997.
A simple and elegant proof is given for a recurrence relation that computes the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of a linear system used in the Souriau-Frame-Faddeev algorithm 相似文献
998.
Applications of large-scale computer modeling and simulation to a class of bioelectric field problems in a variety of biomedical research areas, from single cells to full human structures, are described. The authors focus on a specific subset of bioelectric field problems that have applications in electrocardiography and electroencephalography. The physics and physiology of bioelectric volume conductors are introduced. A specific computational example and the authors' view on the future direction of computational medicine are presented 相似文献
999.
The effect of na and Sr modification on surface tension and volumetric shrinkage of A356 alloy and their influence on porosity formation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
D. Emadi J. E. Gruzleski J. M. Toguri 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》1993,24(6):1055-1063
Modification of the eutectic Si in Al-Si foundry alloys by adding strontium or sodium is, unfortunately, accompanied by an
increase of porosity in the casting. In an attempt to understand the nature of this problem, this study used a sessile-drop
method to investigate the effect of Sr and Na on surface tension and volumetric shrinkage, two probable causes of porosity
occur-rence. The addition of 0.01 wt pct Sr and 0.005 wt pct Na to A356 alloy decreases the surface tension of the liquid
by about 19 and 10 pct, respectively, and may increase the volume shrink-age by about 12 pct. These changes to surface tension
and volumetric shrinkage promote the early formation of the pores during solidification and give the availability of a longer
period of growth prior to complete solidification, resulting in a larger pore size. The effect of surface tension on the pores
is more significant than volumetric shrinkage. Although the predicted pore diameter increases with lower surface tension or
higher volumetric shrinkage, these two effects alone do not seem able to completely account for the observed increase in porosity
that is associated with modification. 相似文献
1000.
Recent work concerning the interstitial modification of permanent magnet alloys based on rare-earth iron intermetallic compounds is reviewed. The crystal structure of the new materials is discussed, then the thermodynamic and statistical aspects of the low-temperature interstitial modification process are considered. Finally, reaction kinetics and thermal stability of the new compounds are discussed and future prospects assessed. 相似文献