Autoantibodies--regulators of biochemical and physiological processes in the healthy body. Their place in phylogeny and among other endogenous regulators]

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is known to enhance osteoclast recruitment, and thereby bone resorption. Thus, IL-6 has been proposed to mediate hypercalcemia in multiple myeloma and the enhanced osteoclastic activity seen in postmenopausal osteoporosis. We recently reported that the calcium concentration in plasma affects IL-6 secretion from mononuclear blood cells. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we have studied the effect of calcium on IL-6 formation in mononuclear blood cells ex vivo and in vitro. Thirteen healthy volunteers were given 1 g of calcium orally after overnight fasting. Plasma levels of ionized calcium (pCa2+) and serum levels of parathyroid hormone (sPTH) were measured after 2 and 4 h, with all subjects still fasting. After 2 h, pCa2+ was increased and sPTH decreased in all 13 persons. IL-6 secretion ex vivo from mononuclear blood cells drawn 4 h after calcium intake was increased 185% as compared with IL-6 secretion from cells drawn just before calcium intake. In control experiments without calcium intake, there was no alteration in pCa2+ and no effect on IL-6 secretion from mononuclear blood cells. In vitro studies revealed that stimulation of isolated mononuclear blood cells with physiological concentrations of calcium dose-dependently increased IL-6 secretion with an estimated EC50 at 1.2 mM Ca2+. No effect on the IL-6 secretion was seen following treatment of the isolated mononuclear blood cells with PTH or calcitonin. These observations demonstrate that the plasma calcium concentration affects IL-6 secretion from mononuclear blood cells. The in vitro data indicate the involvement of a direct calcium sensing mechanism. These findings might have implications in hypercalcemia and should also be borne in mind when considering the role of cytokines in osteoporosis.     

Fine mapping of the hereditary sensory neuropathy type I locus on chromosome 9q22.1-->q22.3: exclusion of GAS1 and XPA

BACKGROUND: Knowledge about the natural course of HPV infection is still limited. In this study we investigated the presence of HPV DNA after treatment and clinical clearance of infection. METHODS: Eighty-two women treated for genital HPV infection at the STD clinic in Uppsala were consecutively selected for the study. After treatment with podophyllotoxin, and in some cases laser vaporization, a cell sample was taken at the follow-up visit 6-12 months after clinical clearance of the lesions as evaluated by colposcopy. Samples were analysed with PCR to detect HPV DNA. As a reference group, women treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) with laser surgery, either with cone biopsy or vaporization, were followed-up after 6 months for the presence of HPV DNA. RESULTS: Six to 12 months after clinical clearance of HPV infection, 39 (48%) of the women showed detectable HPV DNA in cell samples from the cervix. Of these, 26 (67%) were found to harbor high risk HPV, six (15%) low risk, and seven (18%) either had more than one HPV type or HPV that could not be classified. All but three of the women treated for CIN (90%) were negative for HPV DNA. CONCLUSION: After clinical clearance of genital HPV infection half of the women had detectable HPV DNA. This does not necessarily imply that transmission to a new partner may occur, but indicates this possibility. Only 10% of the CIN treated women harbored HPV DNA in the cell samples in spite of showing high risk HPV infection before treatment.     

Prophylaxis of neurological manifestations of lumbar osteochondrosis: intermediate results, unsolved problems and some methodologic aspects

Issues of prophylaxis and rehabilitation are considered as regards neurologic manifestations of spinal osteochondrosis (NMSO). NMSO primary prophylaxis requires investigation and quantitative evaluation of the disease risk factors, epidemiologic determination of both incidence and prevalence in different groups of population in various periods of time. The standard risk group of NMSO in Byelorussian consists of population of 40-49-year-olds. Some professions may be risk factors for both onset and relapse of NMSO. Secondary prophylaxis of NMSO concerns elevated relapse risk, screening for individuals with either subclinic or early clinic manifestations of the disease. The computer screening-system has been created to identify a group at high risk of NMSO onset or relapse, to keep records, to print documents. It also gives chance to carry out individual prophylaxis of the high risk in the course of mass examination of employees.     

下一代IP网与第五代路由器

目前人们面临网络建设方向的选择，QoS、安全性和可信任性、IP网的可运营性等关键技术成为未来网络发展重点。下一代IP网络将采用IP网的核心技术。结合电信网的设计理念，建设一个可管理、可运营的网络，为运营商提供一个可以达到电信网服务质量保证的IP网，建立可赢利的商业模型。第五代路由器由于采用有智能的网络处理器(NP)，可以灵活加进对用户的管理等多种功能，完全适应下一代IP网的发展要求。     

The effect of mammalian anxiety factors on insects. The action of the corticoliberin 2-4 fragment on the behavior of the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor

The effect of the corticoliberin 2-4 fragment--tripeptide Pro-Pro-Ile (PPI) inducing increase in epileptiform activity of mammal on T. molitor males behaviour has been studied. The "open field" method modified for insects has been used. PPI in doses of 30, 60, 100, 1000 micrograms/kg was injected in hemolymph of the beetles. The horizontal activity (HA), number of turns (TN) and other parameters were registered during 6 min. The tripeptide in dose 30 micrograms/kg was non-effective. PPI in doses 100 and, especially, 1000 micrograms/kg evoked stable decrease in HA that was observed as early as 0.5 h after injection. This effect lasted throughout 4-24 hrs and, apparently, induced by nonspecific action of high doses of the peptide. PPI in dose 60 micrograms/kg produced the significant intensification of stressogenic influence of experimental situation: in 2-4 hrs after injection the level of HA and TN increased. It is suggested that PPI can be regarded as an anxiogenic factor of insects.     

The effect of lamotrigine and carbamazepine on the development of the audiogenic seizure reaction in rats of the Krushinski?-Molodkina strain

The effect of Lamotrigine and carbamazepine on the development and character of the epileptiform seizures after strong sonic stimulation were studied on Krushinski?-Molodkina line of rats. Both drugs manifested a dose-dependent increase in the latency of motor reaction Lamotrigine administration in the dose range of 5-40 mg/kg, i.p., resulted in a moderate decrease in the seizure intensity preventing predominantly the tonic component of the seizure and failed to modify the character of convulsive reaction. Carbamazepine administered in doses of 7.5-30 mg/kg effectively prevented the epileptiform seizures. The "two-wave" motor reaction was observed in 15% of carbamazepine-treated rats.     

Optimization of the scintigraphic segmental anatomy of the lungs

Accurate and reproducible reporting of lung scintigraphy is predicated on a sound knowledge of the segmental anatomy of the lungs. A limited amount of hard data exists about the true segmental anatomy of the lungs. A virtual model of human lungs was created using a CT-based dataset and a Monte Carlo simulation technique to examine the optimal projections for the visualization of each segment in the lungs. METHODS: Segmental anatomy of the lungs was modeled using CT, cadaveric lungs and standard anatomical texts. The emission, scatter and attenuation of photons was modeled within these virtual lungs and the surrounding tissues. Single segmental lesions were created in eight projections and submitted for blinded reporting to four experienced nuclear medicine physicians to obtain the best views for each segment. RESULTS: The anterior and posterior oblique projections yielded the best views for 10 of 18 segments, with the laterals contributing four views, the anterior contributing two views and the posterior contributing one view. The majority of basal segments (six of nine) were best seen in the anterior and posterior oblique projections. CONCLUSION: This model overcomes the major problems associated with experimentation in the normal human and has the potential to provide answers to the major problems of scatter, attenuation and "shine-through" in lung scintigraphy.     

Ploidy and liquid-holding recovery in yeasts sensitive to radiation and nitrous acid

The effects of genome ploidy and posttreatment incubation on inactivation by nitrous acid (NA) were studied in normal, radio- and nitrous acid-sensitive strains of yeast. In normal yeast cells the increase of ploidy (haploid to triploid) resulted in "the protective effect", i.e. haploid cells were the most sensitive, triploid -- the most resistant. This "protective effect" is absent in polyploid yeast homozygous for the xrs1-5 (rad 54) mutation; in this case the NA-sensitivity rises with the increase of ploidy, i.e. haploid cells are the most resistant ones. The effect of liquid holding (LH) after the NA treatment depends on the genetic background and ploidy of treated cells. Posttreatment incubation in buffer has practically no effect on the survival of wild-type Berkeley's yeast strains (1n, 2n, 3n). The highly homozygous haploid strains from Zakharov' collection, both wild type and xrs1-5 mutant, exhibit no LH-recovery too. However the death of wild-type cells drastically rises in LH-condition as the ploidy increases. 24 hours incubation in buffer results in at least a ten-fold decrease in survival of wild type 2n, 3n, 4n cells. The loss of viability is proportional to the time of incubation, but the cell titer being constant. The strains (2n, 3n, 4n) homozygous for the xrs1-5 mutation (rad 54) show considerable LH-recovery. It is supposed that the xrs1-5 mutation results in the derepression of the prereplicative pathway of LH-recovery which eliminates the NA-INDUCED DAMAGE OF DNA.     

两强竞争市场中的企业广告策略分析

将Dawid和Feichtinger的混沌型的广告扩散型扩展到两强竞争的市场环境下，为检验模型的可用性开发了一个计算机仿真系统，仿真的结果表明在两强竞争下的企业最好的广告策略是增加广告投入直到达到“双赢状态”，即市场占有率的振荡即将发生的临界状态，分析应用结果表明提出的混沌型模型和开发的仿真系统为市场竞争环境下的企业广告策略的分析和制定提供了一个有效的工具。