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101.
Gawronski Bertram; LeBel Etienne P.; Peters Kurt R.; Banse Rainer 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2009,135(3):369
J. De Houwer, S. Teige-Mocigemba, A. Spruyt, and A. Moors’s (see record 2009-05290-001) normative analysis of implicit measures provides an excellent clarification of several conceptual ambiguities surrounding the validation and use of implicit measures. The current comment discusses an important, yet unacknowledged, implication of J. De Houwer et al.’s analysis, namely, that investigations addressing the proposed implicitness criterion (i.e., does the relevant psychological attribute influence measurement outcomes in an automatic fashion?) will be susceptible to fundamental misinterpretations if they are conducted independently of the proposed what criterion (i.e., is the measurement outcome causally produced by the psychological attribute the measurement procedure was designed to assess?). As a solution, it is proposed that experimental validation studies should be combined with a correlational approach in order to determine whether a given manipulation influenced measurement scores via variations in the relevant psychological attribute or via secondary sources of systematic variance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
102.
Stefan Linsinger Matthias Eul Christian Schwickert Rodolphe Decourt Bernard Chevalier Ute Ch. Rodewald Jean-Louis Bobet Rainer Pöttgen 《Intermetallics》2011,19(10):1579-1585
New ordered Laves phases RENi4Mg (RE = Sc, Sm, Tb–Lu) were synthesized from the elements in sealed tantalum ampoules in an induction furnace. Six of the structures were refined on the basis of X-ray single crystal data. The diffraction experiments gave hint for small homogeneity ranges RE1+xNi4Mg1?x. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show Curie–Weiss behavior for RE = Gd, Dy, Ho, Tm, Yb and the resulting effective magnetic moments suggest both stable trivalent states for all RE and a non-magnetic state for Ni. Gd1+xNi4Mg1?x (x ≈ 0.12) orders antiferromagnetically at a Néel temperature of TN = 4.6(5) K. Resistivity measurements reflect the metallic nature of these compounds. 相似文献
103.
Christian Bergmann Markus Lindner Wen Zhang Karolina Koczur Armin Kirsten Rainer Telle Horst Fischer 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2010,30(12):2563-2567
Customized implants for bone replacement are a great help for a surgeon to remodel maxillofacial or craniofacial defects in an esthetical way, and to significantly reduce operation times. The hypothesis of this study was that a composite of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and a bioactive glass similar to the 45S5 Henchglass® is suitable to manufacture customized implants via 3D-printing process. The composite was chosen because of the bioresorption properties of the β-TCP, its capability to react as bone cement, and because of the adjustability of the bioactive glass from inert to bioresorbable. Customized implants were manufactured using the 3D-printing technique. The four point bending strength of the printed specimens was 14.9 MPa after sintering. XRD analysis revealed the occurrence of two other phases, CaNaPO4 and CaSiO3, both biocompatible and with the potential of biodegradation. We conclude that it is possible to print tailored bone substitute implants using a bioactive TCP/glass composite. The glass is not involved as reactive substance in the printing process. This offers the opportunity to alter the glass composition and therefore to vary the composition of the implant. 相似文献
104.
Dick R 《Nanoscale research letters》2010,5(10):1546-1554
We consider electrons in the presence of interfaces with different effective electron mass, and electromagnetic fields in
the presence of a high-permittivity interface in bulk material. The equations of motion for these dimensionally hybrid systems
yield analytic expressions for Green’s functions and electromagnetic potentials that interpolate between the two-dimensional
logarithmic potential at short distance, and the three-dimensional r
−1 potential at large distance. This also yields results for electron densities of states which interpolate between the well-known
two-dimensional and three-dimensional formulas. The transition length scales for interfaces of thickness L are found to be of order Lm/2m
* for an interface in which electrons move with effective mass m
*, and Le*/2eL\epsilon_\ast/2\epsilon for a dielectric thin film with permittivity e*\epsilon_\ast in a bulk of permittivity e\epsilon. We can easily test the merits of the formalism by comparing the calculated electromagnetic potential with the infinite series
solutions from image charges. This confirms that the dimensionally hybrid models are excellent approximations for distances
r ≳ L/2. 相似文献
105.
Evaluation of polycaprolactone − poly‐D,L‐lactide copolymer as biomaterial for breast tissue engineering
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Patrina SP Poh Cordula Hege Mohit P Chhaya Elizabeth R Balmayor Peter Foehr Rainer H Burgkart Jan‐Thorsten Schantz Stefan M Schiller Arndt F Schilling Dietmar W Hutmacher 《Polymer International》2017,66(1):77-84
The potential of the copolymer polycaprolactone‐co‐ poly‐d ,l ‐lactic acid (PCLLA ) as a biomaterial for scaffold‐based therapy for breast tissue engineering applications was assessed. First, the synthesized PCLLA was evaluated for its processability by means of additive manufacturing (AM ). We found that the synthesized PCLLA could be fabricated into scaffolds with an overall gross morphology and porosity similar to that of polycaprolactone. The PCLLA scaffolds possessed a compressive Young's modulus (ca 46 kPa ) similar to that of native breast (0.5 ? 25 kPa ), but lacked thermal stability and underwent thermal degradation during the fabrication process. The PCLLA scaffolds underwent rapid degradation in vitro which was characterized by loss of the scaffolds' mechanical integrity and a drastic decrease in mass‐average molar mass (M w) and number‐average molar mass (M n) after 4 weeks of immersion in phosphate buffer solution maintained at 37 °C. The tin‐catalysed PCLLA scaffold was also found to have cytotoxic effects on cells. Although the initial mechanical properties of the PCLLA scaffolds generally showed potential for applications in breast tissue regeneration, the thermal stability of the copolymer for AM processes, biocompatibility towards cells and degradation rate is not satisfactory at this stage. Therefore, we conclude that research efforts should be geared towards fine‐tuning the copolymer synthesizing methods. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
106.
Rainer Dudek Ralf Doering Christine Bombach Bernd Michel 《Microelectronics Reliability》2009,49(8):839-845
Secondary effects on thermal fatigue of solder joints, which frequently have been neglected, were studied by means of the finite element method (FEM). Based on a semi-empirical approach to predict fatigue life by evaluating the cyclic accumulated equivalent creep strain or energy density, effects of organic boards intrinsic properties on solder joint fatigue were investigated. Aspects of more realistic FR-4 board modelling were studied, in particular concerning its in-plane anisotropy and intrinsic warpage behaviour. Intrinsic board warpage was measured on test board level as well as for boards from series production. High intrinsic warpage was in particular found for several test boards. The effects for the worst case scenario observed so far were analysed for both first level and second level interconnects. The change in predicted fatigue life varied between 30% and 500%, the latter most critical effects were found at large QFN components. Another secondary effect studied was to include the frequently neglected interfacial intermetallics into FEM. It turned out that for components with relatively large standoff like LFBGAs the effects were actually negligible, but for the highly miniaturized components like chip resistors CR0201 they are the decisive factor. 相似文献
107.
On measuring the accuracy of SLAM algorithms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rainer Kümmerle Bastian Steder Christian Dornhege Michael Ruhnke Giorgio Grisetti Cyrill Stachniss Alexander Kleiner 《Autonomous Robots》2009,27(4):387-407
In this paper, we address the problem of creating an objective benchmark for evaluating SLAM approaches. We propose a framework
for analyzing the results of a SLAM approach based on a metric for measuring the error of the corrected trajectory. This metric
uses only relative relations between poses and does not rely on a global reference frame. This overcomes serious shortcomings
of approaches using a global reference frame to compute the error. Our method furthermore allows us to compare SLAM approaches
that use different estimation techniques or different sensor modalities since all computations are made based on the corrected
trajectory of the robot.
We provide sets of relative relations needed to compute our metric for an extensive set of datasets frequently used in the
robotics community. The relations have been obtained by manually matching laser-range observations to avoid the errors caused
by matching algorithms. Our benchmark framework allows the user to easily analyze and objectively compare different SLAM approaches. 相似文献
108.
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of oxidation on abrasive wear behaviour of TiC based cermets at temperatures ranging from 20 to 900 °C. Three types of material performance maps were constructed: oxidation rate maps, wear rate maps and maps showing the effect of oxidation on abrasion. Discussion on the performance of different cermet grades is supported by the SEM images combined with EDS and XRD analysis. The results should facilitate the selection of TiC-based cermets providing optimum composition of cermets for high temperature applications. 相似文献
109.
Beach Mark Bourse Didier Dillinger Markus Falk Rainer Farnham Tim Navarro-Prieto Raquel Wiebke Thomas 《电信纪事》2002,57(7-8):653-676
To date, research into reconfigurable mobile communications has predominantly focussed on the software radio concept, and specifically on the hardware technologies required to move physical layer processing into a programmable environment [1, 2, 3]. Although an interesting and necessary challenge, this only represents a fraction of the overall support and technology required to realise the potential of the concept. Other necessary developments include network/terminal cooperation for seamless inter-standard handoff, QoS management for software download and reconfiguration, a secure software download mechanism, terminal software and mobile radio network architecture supporting terminal reconfiguration, management for software downloads, configuration management, capability negotiation, radio resource management and spectrum allocation policies etc… This paper describes results from the EuropeanIst Trust (Transparently Reconfigurable UbiquitouS Terminal) [4] project concerning user and operator requirements, the proposed overall system environment, security issues, concerted radio resource management, and expected time frame for the development of reconfigurable terminals. 相似文献
110.
Cranstoun SD Ombao HC von Sachs R Guo W Litt B 《IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering》2002,49(9):988-996
In this paper, we apply a new time-frequency spectral estimation method for multichannel data to epileptiform electroencephalography (EEG). The method is based on the smooth localized complex exponentials (SLEX) functions which are time-frequency localized versions of the Fourier functions and, hence, are ideal for analyzing nonstationary signals whose spectral properties evolve over time. The SLEX functions are simultaneously orthogonal and localized in time and frequency because they are obtained by applying a projection operator rather than a window or taper. In this paper, we present the Auto-SLEX method which is a statistical method that 1) computes the periodogram using the SLEX transform, 2) automatically segments the signal into approximately stationary segments using an objective criterion that is based on log energy, and 3) automatically selects the optimal bandwidth of the spectral smoothing window. The method is applied to the intracranial EEG from a patient with temporal lobe epilepsy. This analysis reveals a reduction in average duration of stationarity in preseizure epochs of data compared to baseline. These changes begin up to hours prior to electrical seizure onset in this patient. 相似文献