The influence of the civil war in Yugoslavia on publishing in peer-reviewed journals

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of civil war during recent disintegration of the former Yugoslavia on scientific output, as measured by changes in numbers of articles published in peer-reviewed journals. The articles published in journals indexed in the Science Citation Index (SCI) were retrieved for the former Yugoslav republics. According to the census of 1991, the republics" populations were as follows: Serbia 9.7 million inhabitants, Croatia 4.7, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) 4.3, Macedonia 2.0, Slovenia 1.9, and Montenegro 0.6. The annual numbers of articles from each were determined from 1988 to 2000. This period includes three prewar years, 5 years of civil war from 1991 to 1995, and the NATO military interventions in B&H (1995) and F.R. Yugoslavia (1999), which includes Serbia and Montenegro. In the late 1980s, Serbia produced more than 900 scientific articles per year and was well ahead, with twice as many publications as Slovenia. The number of publications from Croatia fell between that of Serbia and Slovenia. In the prewar period, the remaining republics had a relatively small scientific presence. The outputs from B&H decreased, from 50 articles in 1991, sharply during the war and continued to decrease. During the postwar period only 18 to 27 papers per year were published. In 1995, the output from Serbia dropped 33% in comparison to 1991. Slovenia produced more publications that year while Croatia was stagnant, and 3 most productive states had a similar output. In 1998, Serbia produced 1543 publications, Slovenia 1116, Croatia 1103, Macedonia 100, B&H 25, and Montenegro 12. The number of articles from Serbia dropped in 1999 and 2000 for 10.2% and 27.9%, respectively, in comparison to 1998. For the same two years, the number of publications was increased in Croatia (37.3% and 12,5%), Slovenia (10.9% and 52.8%), Macedonia (5% and 6%) and Montenegro (75% and 66%). The concentration of scientific research in well-established universities caused an uneven distribution of scientific output among various republics. Thus, the annual output of scientific papers per 100,000 inhabitants in 1990 greatly varied in various republics. In Montenegro it was 1.79, B&H 1.95, Macedonia 2,36, Serbia 11.92, Croatia 18.40 and Slovenia 29.63. In 2000, the annual output per 100,000 inhabitants in these republics was 3.41, 0.61, 5.24, 11,34, 26.00 and 76.84, respectively. The scientific production in B&H and in Serbia was affected not only by the devastated economy, damaged communications, and hardship of everyday life during the war and postwar years, but because many scientists left the country, and the scientists in Serbia were isolated from the international scientific community. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Simulator for radio resources management functions in CDMA systems

Mobile network technologies have been experiencing great progress. Simulations and analysis of these systems are challenging tasks. Different network simulation and modelling tools have already been developed. However, these simulation and modelling tools are commercial, they are focused on the physical layer simulations or they are simply unavailable. Hence, the own simulation program was created in Matlab. This paper gives a brief review of several simulation tools and presents its own simulation program. This program enables simulation of radio resources management functions for Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems. Finally, simulation results obtained by using the proposed simulator are also presented.     

Design and evaluation of an adaptive icon toolbar

As information systems become increasingly important in many different domains, the potential to adapt them to individual users and their needs also becomes more important. Adaptive user interfaces offer many possible ways to adjust displays and improve procedures for a user's individual patterns of work. This paper describes an attempt to design an adaptive user interface in a computer environment familiar to many users. According to one classification of adaptive user interfaces, the adaptive bar described in this paper would be classified as a user-controlled self-adaptation system.At the user's convenience, the adaptive bar offers suggestions for adding or removing command icons, based on the frequency and probability of specific commands. It also implements these changes once the user has agreed to them. Beyond the adaptive bar, the general behavior of the whole user interface does not change, thereby allowing the user to maintain a clear general model of the system. This paper describes the decision-making algorithm implemented in the bar. It also describes the bar's self-adaptive behavior of displaying the frequency of each icon's use through the icon's size. Finally, we present some encouraging preliminary results of evaluations by users.     

一种应用于谐振式微型光学陀螺的高频锁相放大器的设计

谐振式微型光学陀螺(R-MOG)是利用光学Sagnac效应实现对转动检测的一种高精度的惯性传感器件.在R-MOG系统中,信号处理具有非常重要的地位.根据R-MOG系统中,集成光学环形谐振腔的谱线宽度高达几十MHz以及R-MOG输出信号具有弱信号、大噪声特点,设计了一种用于提取被噪声淹没的微弱信号的高频锁相放大器.在对高频锁相放大器各部分电路进行具体设计和分析的基础上,完成了对整体电路的性能测试.测试结果表明,研制的锁相放大器在载波频率为30MHz时的等效输入噪声为11nV/Hz.将整个电路应用于R-MOG系统中,解调出的信号效果良好.     

请重新认识您的客户

在网络时代 ,在今天。重新认识你的客户 ,已成为大大小小的商业组织必须修好的第一课。一、请重新认识您的客户按最长的时间算起 ,网络时代在全球揭开序幕仅有三十年的历史。三十年来 ,网络技术、网络企业及网络经济发生了巨大的变化和飞速的发展 ,深刻地改变了当代世界经济的面貌和商务经营的模式 ,但是另一个往往被忽视的也发生了巨大变化的角色就是 :客户 ,他们与时代一起成长和成熟起来。在网络时代 ,客户获得和累积知识的水平、自由选择和购买商品与服务的能力、获取信息的方式和能力、对商业信息和行为作出反应的能力等等 ,与“前网络…