Confidence voting method ensemble applied to off-line signature verification

In this paper, a new approximation to off-line signature verification is proposed based on two-class classifiers using an expert decisions ensemble. Different methods to extract sets of local and a global features from the target sample are detailed. Also a normalization by confidence voting method is used in order to decrease the final equal error rate (EER). Each set of features is processed by a single expert, and on the other approach proposed, the decisions of the individual classifiers are combined using weighted votes. Experimental results are given using a subcorpus of the large MCYT signature database for random and skilled forgeries. The results show that the weighted combination outperforms the individual classifiers significantly. The best EER obtained were 6.3 % in the case of skilled forgeries and 2.31 % in the case of random forgeries.     

IR and Raman studies and effect of γ radiation on crystallization of some lead borate glasses containing Al2O3

IR and Raman spectra of glass ceramics based on PbO-Cr₂O₃-B₂O₃glass composition system have been studied. The bands characteristic of BO₃. and BO₄ functional groups are present in all the samples. An incorporation of Al₂O₃(up to 5 mol%) in the initial glass composition considerably changes the glass network structure and relative concentrations of BO₃ and BO₄ groups. The composition 50 PbO-20 Cr₂O₃-25 B₂O₃-5 Al₂O₃(in mol%) reveals a maximum fraction of boron in the BO₄ group. A sample of this composition heat treated at 850° C for 25 h shows a maximum crystallization fraction with Pb₂O · CrO₄ as a prominent crystalline phase. The glasses irradiated with rays inhibit the crystallization into the Pb₂O · CrO₄ phase. They also show relatively smaller thermal conductivity.     

Parallel heap: An optimal parallel priority queue

We describe a new parallel data structure, namely parallel heap, for exclusive-read exclusive-write parallel random access machines. To our knowledge, it is the first such data structure to efficiently implement a truly parallel priority queue based on a heap structure. Employing p processors, the parallel heap allows deletions of (p) highest priority items and insertions of (p) new items, each in O(log n) time, where n is the size of the parallel heap. Furthermore, it can efficiently utilize processors in the range 1 through n.This work was supported by U.S. Army's PM-TRADE contract N61339-88-g-0002, Florida High Technology and Industry grant 11-28-716, and Georgia State University's internal research support during spring and summer quarters, 1991.     

Influence of Montmorillonite Clay Content on Thermal,Mechanical, Water Absorption and Biodegradability Properties of Treated Kenaf Fiber/ PLA-Hybrid Biocomposites

Silicon - Nowadays, the starring attentions of the polylactic acid based composites are improved due to environmental awareness and diminution of petroleum oil. The bio-plastics were restricted to...     

STUDY ON THE TENSILE FATIGUE DAMAGE OF QUASI—ISOTROPIC COMPOSITE LAMINATES

Quasi-isotropic. laminates have isotropic elastic properties in all in-plane directions. Therefore, this kind of laminate is widely used for structural elements. The simplest stacking sequence of quasi-isotropic laminates is [0/-60/60]s. When the direction of applied axial load to [0/-60/60]s laminate is inclined at a 30-degree angle, we have the other quasi-isotropic laminate [30/-30/90]s under axial load. The failure mechanisms of these two laminates are, however, entirely different from each other because these two laminates have different distribution of the interlaminar stresses. It was confirmed by tensile fatigue tests that the [0/-60/60]s laminate does not show any visible fatigue damage, but the [30/-30/90]s laminate develops edge-delamination during cyclic loading. The analytical results were in good agreement with the experimental results.     

2-DOF vibratory gyroscope fabricated by SU-8 based UV-LIGA process

This paper reports fabrication of 2-DOF vibratory gyroscope using SU-8 based UV-LIGA process. The device structure is designed to be symmetrical in order to match the resonance frequencies of drive and sense mode oscillators and also to minimize their relative temperature dependent drift. The overall arrangement is such that the two vibration modes do not affect each other and therefore, mechanical decoupling is achieved which helps in minimizing bias drift. The design is optimized to be compatible with the UV-LIGA process having 10 μm thick electroformed nickel as structural layer. Photolithography to create 11 μm thick SU-8 molds for electroforming sacrificial copper and structural nickel layer is optimized using multiple exposure technique that ensures near vertical side walls. Since the highly cross-linked SU-8 remaining after development is difficult to remove reliably from high aspect ratio structures without damage or alteration to the electroformed metals, a 2.45 GHz MW plasma etching process is developed with CF₄/O₂ mixes. The fabricated device is checked for off-plane misalignment between the stationary and movable comb fingers using white light interferometry and it is found to be almost negligible. Also, the prototype device is characterized for amplitude and phase spectral responses using Polytec MSA-500 Micro System Analyzer. The drive and sense mode resonance frequencies are observed at 7.3 and 7.1 kHz respectively against the mode matched designed frequency of 7.5 kHz.     

Mussoorrie rock phosphate-pyrite mixture as phosphate fertilizer

Mussoorrie rock phosphate (MRP), MRP + pyrite (25% by weight), diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and nitrophosphate (NP) were compared in a field experiment as fertilizers for wheat. At 20 kg P ha^–1, MRP was only 6 per cent as effective as DAP. However, when it was mixed with pyrite, the efficiency of MRP increased to 64 per cent at 20 kg P ha^–1 compared with 97 per cent at 40 kg P ha^–1. The P requirement for a targeted yield for 4.5 t ha^–1 decreased from 39.4 kg P ha^–1 as MRP to 23.7 kg P ha^–1 as MRP + pyrite. Of the other P fertilizers studied, NP was as effective as DAP, whereas APP was 9 to 37 per cent more effective than DAP. However, the P requirement as DAP, NP and APP for a targeted yield of 4.5 t ha^–1 was similar (11 ± 0.5 kg P ha^–1).     

Analysis of the diffusion layer thickness, equivalent circuit and conductance behaviour for reversible electron transfer processes in linear sweep voltammetry

The parametric dependence of the diffusion layer thickness upon electrode potential and scan rate has been derived for reversible electron transfer processes in linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) using a simple analytical expression for the dimensionless current function. The quantitative variation of the conductance with potential and scan rate has been illustrated and the equivalent circuit pertaining to LSV has been proposed. Several earlier results pertaining to potential step experiments, thin layer voltammetry, surface bound LSV, radial flow at micro-ring electrodes, etc. are shown to arise from the general expression for the current function obtained here, thus indicating an isomorphism among various potential perturbation techniques.     

BUBBLE TEMPERATURES OF THE BINARY MIXTURES OF 1,2-DIMETHYLBENZENE WITH 2-PROPANOL, 1-BUTANOL, 2-BUTANOL, 2-METHYLPROPAN-1-OL AND 2-METHYLPROPAN-2-OL AT 95 kPa

Bubble temperatures at 95 kPa over the entire composition range are measured for the five binary systems formed by 1,2-dimethylbenzene with 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2- methylpropan-1-ol, and 2-methylpropan- 2-ol. A Swietoslawski - type ebulliometer was used for the measurements. The composition versus temperature measurements are well represented by the Wilson model.