Effect of cultivar,cultivation year and dehulling on raffinose family oligosaccharides in Australian sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cultivar, cultivation year and dehulling on raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in current cultivars of Australian sweet lupin. Seed samples of ten cultivars grown in 2011, 2012 and 2013 were used in the study. Both whole seed and dehulled lupin samples were analysed for RFOs by high‐performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector. Lupin cultivar had a significant effect on RFO contents. Total RFO contents in whole seed and dehulled lupin samples varied between 7.3–10.1 g/100 g DM and 7.6–16.8 g/100 g DM, respectively. Belara and Mandelup cultivars had high levels of RFOs indicating the suitability for functional foods with prebiotic effect. Gungurru and PBA Barlock contained low levels of RFOs and recommended for lupin‐enriched foods with low flatulence effect. Cultivation year with similar climatic conditions had no significant effect on RFO contents. Dehulling increases raffinose, stachyose and total RFO contents in lupin.     

Efficient removal of chemically toxic dyes using microorganism from activated sludge: Understanding sorption mechanism,kinetics, and associated thermodynamics

A systematic investigation was carried out for demonstrating the simple and cost-effective removal of toxic dyes using activated sludge from municipal wastewater. The sorption process was found to follow Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order rate kinetics. Difference in sorption efficiency for activated and deactivated sludge in aerobic and anaerobic conditions revealed the involvement of different microorganism in sorption process with the indication of biodegradation. The sorption process was found to be spontaneous but entropy driven for Remazol Brilliant Blue R and Eriochrome Black T while enthalpy driven for Congo Red. The process was established to be a combination of adsorption as well as biodegradation.     

絮凝--超滤法清除包膜与不包膜病毒

病毒的有效清除是生物技术中首先关注的问题。由于净化设备上只是简单地附加新单元操作的做法带来的是产品低效回收和生产成本的增加 ,因而在现存的操作中有效清除病毒是一个非常值得研究的课题。为此研究了由絮凝和超滤法从鼠科白血病毒(murineleukemiavirus ,MLV)和老鼠微小病毒 (minutevirusofmice ,MVM )中清除中国鼠卵巢病毒 (CHO)悬浮物。这些病毒是被美国食品和药物管理部推荐清除的。MLV是包膜病毒 ,MVM是非包膜病毒。MLV的粒径在 80～ 1 3 0nm ,MVM的粒经在 1 8～ 2 4nm。超滤中 ,进料流中含有这些病毒的CHO细胞成份。先采用两种阳离子絮凝剂来絮凝进料悬浮物 ,然后进行中空纤维膜过滤。渗滤物病毒清除水平由TCID5 0分析法确定。用孔径为 0 .1 μm的膜研究病毒清理。 1 0 5倍过量的MVM病毒的清理由絮凝法完成 ,而 1 0 0倍过量的低量清理由非絮凝法完成。同时获得大约 1 0 0 0倍过量的MLV的清理。然而絮凝剂的加入引起过量的渗滤流。     

Spectral analyzer for Thomson scattering

We describe here a four-channel spectral analyzer suitable for use in Thomson scattering diagnostics of plasmas, that incorporates several novel features and is inexpensive and physically compact. It is suitable for spectral analysis of light scattered from plasmas having densities down to approximately 10(14) cm(-3) and temperatures up to several hundred electron volts.     

Precision and efficiency of laser assisted jet electrochemical machining

Laser assisted jet electrochemical machining (LAJECM) is a hybrid process, that combines a laser beam with an electrolyte jet thereby giving a non-contact tool electrode that removes metal by electrochemical dissolution. The laser beam effectively improves the precision of LAJECM as it is able to direct the dissolution to specifically targeted areas. This prevents the machining from unwanted areas due to stray current. This parallel application of a laser beam with the electrolyte jet enables an improvement of machining accuracy, also productivity. LAJECM has shown that machining with laser assistance can effectively facilitate material removal of 20, 25, 33, and 54% for Hasteloy, titanium alloy, stainless steel and aluminium alloy, respectively. There is also a noticeable improvement in the shape accuracy and slight decrease in surface roughness of the holes and cavities produced due to more focused machining (the order of 20%). The measured reduction in taper is of the order of 38, 40, 41, 65% for aluminium alloy, stainless steel, Hasteloy and titanium alloy, respectively.     

Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Electrochemically Discharged CF(x)

Electrochemical studies of three types of CF_x (F - fiber based, C - petroleum coke based, G - graphite based) have demonstrated different electrochemical performances in previous work, with fiber based CF_x delivering superior performance over those based on petroleum coke and graphite. ¹³C and ¹⁹F MAS (magic angle spinning) NMR techniques are employed to identify the atomic/molecular structural factors that might account for differences in electrochemical performance among the different types of CF_x. Small quantitative variations of covalent CF and LiF are noted as a function of discharge and sp³ bonded carbons are detected in discharged F type of CF_x.     

核糖体脱嘌呤分析法分析检测核糖体失活蛋白

针对核糖体脱嘌呤分析法经常被用来分析检测新的核糖体失活蛋白(RIP),检测了由酸性苯胺催化在RIP催化脱嘌呤位点断裂产生的核糖体rRNA片段。利用文献发表的一级动力学速度常数,计算分析了核糖体失活蛋白含量对核糖体失活蛋白催化脱嘌呤分析的敏感性,并进行了部分实验验证。实验中核糖体失活蛋白和核糖体溶液混合后进行了30 min的恒温培养,结果表明:核糖体失活蛋白脱嘌呤分析法的敏感性取决于核糖体失活蛋白催化核糖体脱嘌呤反应的速度常数。还分析了核糖体失活蛋白脱嘌呤分析中可能出现的假阳性和假阴性结果及其原因,结果表明:在核糖体失活蛋白的大规模生产中使用核糖体脱嘌呤分析法作为定量分析的手段是比较复杂和困难的,该方法应该和一些常用的经典方法例如SDS PAGE分析法联合使用,而且联合使用时两种方法的最小检测限应该相近,以避免其中之一引起的假阳性结果。     

Association between initial type of hemodialysis access used in the elderly and mortality

We hypothesized that certain subpopulations (elderly and those with greater comorbidity) may not have significant benefit from "fistula first" initiative. A cohort of incident hemodialysis patients from 2005 to 2007, who were ≥70 years old, was derived from the United States Renal Data System. Primary variable of interest was type of vascular access used at first outpatient hemodialysis (i.e., fistula, graft, or central catheter), with primary outcome of all-cause mortality (time to death measured from the first outpatient hemodialysis). A cohort of 82,202 patients was stratified by age (70 to ≤80, 81 to ≤90, and >90). Each group demonstrated a survival benefit with the use of an arterio-venous fistula compared with catheter (hazard ratio [HR] 0.56 [P < 0.001], HR 0.55 [P < 0.001], and HR 0.69 [P = 0.007], respectively). Comparing graft to with a catheter, both groups, 70 to ≤80 and 81 to ≤90, had significant benefit compared with catheter (HR 0.73, P < 0.001 and HR 0.74, P < 0.001, respectively). However, significance was lost in those ≥90 (HR 0.83, P = 0.354). When substratified by comorbidity, those 81 to ≤90 years old with a history of malignancy or peripheral vascular disease also did not reach significant benefit compared with a catheter (HR 0.88, P = 0.423 and HR 0.85, P = 0.221, respectively). While specific subgroups in the hemodialysis population exist where use of fistulas and grafts at time of dialysis initiation is not of proven statistical benefit to survival, elderly hemodialysis patients with comorbidities still appear to benefit from the use of fistulas and grafts.     

Recent developments in graphene-based polymer composite membranes: Preparation,mass transfer mechanism,and applications

The shortage of water resources is a problem concerned by all countries in the world. In order to solve this problem of human survival, membrane separation technology promotes the development of water treatment field by virtue of its own advantages of high efficiency and low consumption. Membrane separation technology combined with nanomaterials has brought surprises to researchers. Graphene has unique structure and properties, making graphene and its derivatives have very good potential in water treatment and selective separation. Graphene-based materials combined with traditional polymer materials have great potential in the field of membrane separation technology. In this article, we first introduce the preparation methods and transport mechanism of graphene-based membranes, and then summarize the recent applications of graphene oxide/polymer composite membranes in water purification, gas separation, self-cleaning, and oil–water separation. It is expected to become the next generation of functional composite membranes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47761.