卡塔尔古生界碎屑岩层系油气地质特征及勘探潜力

阿拉伯板块构造—沉积演化为卡塔尔古生界油气聚集成藏提供了有利的石油地质条件。分析认为,卡塔尔在志留系底部发育一套优质的烃源岩(笔石热页岩),发育两套有利的碎屑岩储盖组合,储层以河流—三角洲相砂岩为主,埋深普遍大于3600m,总体较为致密,以中—低孔、低渗为主,但在局部仍可能发育储层物性较好的"甜点",具备较好的产能特性。古生界圈闭类型主要有背斜、断背斜、地层上倾尖灭岩性圈闭和与不整合相关的地层圈闭,具有3种油气成藏模式,以下生上储垂向断裂输导运聚成藏模式为主。海西构造挤压和盐流活动隆升作用对古生界的圈闭形成起了决定性作用,圈闭的主要形成时期为晚二叠世—晚三叠世,早于志留系烃源岩大量生排烃期,成藏条件匹配关系优越。卡塔尔碎屑岩层系勘探具有优越的烃源岩物质基础、有利的储盖组合、有利的构造圈闭聚集区和优越的油气成藏条件,且勘探程度极低,具有较大的油气勘探潜力,主要的有利勘探潜力区为卡塔尔隆起的侧翼和东部的南海湾盐盆区。     

BN–Graphene Composites Generated by Covalent Cross‐Linking with Organic Linkers

Composites of boron nitride (BN) and carboxylated graphene are prepared for the first time using covalent cross‐linking employing the carbodiimide reaction. The BN_1–xG_x (x ≈ 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) obtained are characterized using a variety of spectroscopic techniques and thermogravimetric analysis. The composites show composition‐dependent electrical resistivity, the resistivity decreasing with increase in graphene content. The composites exhibit microporosity and the x ≈ 0.75 composite especially exhibits satisfactory performance with high stability as an electrode in supercapacitors. The x ≈ 0.75 composite is also found to be a good electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells.     

Red Blood Cell Membrane as a Biomimetic Nanocoating for Prolonged Circulation Time and Reduced Accelerated Blood Clearance

For decades, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been widely incorporated into nanoparticles for evading immune clearance and improving the systematic circulation time. However, recent studies have reported a phenomenon known as “accelerated blood clearance (ABC)” where a second dose of PEGylated nanomaterials is rapidly cleared when given several days after the first dose. Herein, we demonstrate that natural red blood cell (RBC) membrane is a superior alternative to PEG. Biomimetic RBC membrane‐coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@RBC NPs) rely on CD47, which is a “don't eat me” marker on the RBC surface, to escape immune clearance through interactions with the signal regulatory protein‐alpha (SIRP‐α) receptor. Fe₃O₄@RBC NPs exhibit extended circulation time and show little change between the first and second doses, with no ABC suffered. In addition, the administration of Fe₃O₄@RBC NPs does not elicit immune responses on neither the cellular level (myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)) nor the humoral level (immunoglobulin M and G (IgM and IgG)). Finally, the in vivo toxicity of these cell membrane‐camouflaged nanoparticles is systematically investigated by blood biochemistry, hematology testing, and histology analysis. These findings are significant advancements toward solving the long‐existing clinical challenges of developing biomaterials that are able to resist both immune response and rapid clearance.     

An automatic spring-back compensation method in die design based on a genetic algorithm

In the present work, a die shape design method to compensate spring-back in the sheet metal forming process is developed based on a finite element analysis and a genetic algorithm. The proposed method is robust and automated enough for industrial applications. Using a simple stretch bending process as an example, it was demonstrated that the new method optimizes the die profile effectively. The good performance of the die profile optimized utilizing the new method was also verified experimentally, confirming that the new method is likely to be more cost-effective than common design practices in practical applications.     

Influence of transverse vibrations on convective heat transfer in parallel flow tube-in-tube heat exchanger

Tube-in-tube heat exchangers are widely used in food processing industries and wastewater treatment for both heating and cooling. Enhancement techniques namely active, passive, and compound are developed to reduce the thermal resistance in heat exchangers by improving convective heat transfer with or without increase in surface area. The present experimental study is aimed at analyzing the influence of vibrations on the convective heat transfer of a parallel flow tube-in-tube heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is placed in horizontal position and is subjected to transverse vibrations under turbulent fluid flow conditions. Experiments were performed at four frequencies (20, 40, 60, and 100 Hz), three amplitudes (1, 2, and 3 m/s²), and three vibration generator positions along its length, in the Reynolds number range of 10 710 to 21 420. An enhancement in Nusselt number is found with vibration than without vibration throughout the entire range of Reynolds numbers. A maximum enhancement of 33% at 40 Hz frequency, 3 m/s² amplitude, and vibration generator position at three-fourth of the tube length was observed. Empirical correlations are developed for Nusselt number to determine the heat transfer coefficient with vibration with an error of $\pm$10%.     

Effect of fibre content and alkali treatment on mechanical properties of Roystonea regia-reinforced epoxy partially biodegradable composites

The present paper investigates the effect of fibre content and alkali treatment on tensile, flexural and impact properties of unidirectional Roystonea regia natural-fibre-reinforced epoxy composites which are partially biodegradable. The reinforcement Roystonea regia (royal palm) fibre was collected from the foliage of locally available royal palm tree through the process of water retting and mechanical extraction. The poor adhesion between fibre and matrix is commonly encountered problem in natural-fibre-reinforced composites. To overcome this problem, specific physical and chemical treatments were suggested for surface modification of fibres by investigators. Alkali treatment is one of the simple and effective surface modification techniques which is widely used in natural fibre composites. In the present study both untreated and alkali-treated fibres were used as reinforcement in Roystonea regia epoxy composites and the tensile, flexural and impact properties were determined at different fibre contents. The alkali treatment found to be effective in improving the tensile and flexural properties while the impact strength decreased.     

Treatment of refractory organics from membrane rejects using ozonation

The reject water or retentate generated from membrane application for recovery of water from tannery wastewater treatment contains certain refractory organics. These refractory organics are present in substantial quantity in the condensate of reject water also. Hence the treatment of rejects using conventional methods is rather difficult. In this paper, an attempt has been made to treat the reject water from the reverse osmosis (RO) and nano filtration (NF) operation on tannery wastewater using ozonation treatment technique. Ozonation studies on RO and NF rejects indicate that ozone dose of 80 and 100mg/min for 60 and 70 min contact time achieves 59 and 78% chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction, respectively. The mass balance in ozone indicates the ozone consumption for RO and NF rejects varies from 2.4 to 3.4 and 2.8 to 4.5 g/g of COD removed respectively. The results suggest that ozonation of RO and NF rejects would significantly reduce the refractory organic pollutant loading into the environment from wastewater reuse facility.     

Tensile deformation behavior of nano-sized Mo particles reinforced SnAgCu solders

In this work, tensile deformation of Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu (SAC387) solder and composite of SAC387 reinforced with nano-sized Mo particles have been studied with strain rates from 10⁻⁵ to 10⁻¹ s⁻¹ and temperatures of 25, 75 and 125 °C. It is found that the yield strength (σ_Y.S) and strain hardening exponent (n) are increased with the strain rate, but the n values decrease with increasing temperatures. The n values of the composite solder are also increased with the percentage of the Mo nano-particles (up to 1 wt.%) and thereafter decrease with further increasing of the Mo particle. The strain rate dependence of the Hollomon parameters is found to be stronger at higher temperatures for SAC387 solder, but it is weaker for the composite solders. Empirical equations for σ_Y.S and Hollomon parameters with strain rate and temperatures have been found for both SAC387 and composite solders. Finally, the fracture surfaces of the solders are examined.