Open-circuit potential—time transient of the magnesium anode

On interrupting polarisation, the magnesium anode exhibits a negative overshoot in potential followed by a slow recovery to a steady state value. A mod     

The delayed action of magnesium anodes in primary batteries Part I. Experimental studies

Magnesium exhibits a delayed dissolution on anodic polarisation owing to a slow, field-induced breakdown of the passive film on its surface. The phenomenon depends on several factors such as the pretreatment of the anode, the composition of the solution, etc. In order to clarify the mechanism of the field-induced film-breakdown process, a detailed experimental study of the delayed action and its dependence on several experimental variables such as ageing of the anode in contact with the solution, the nature of the surfactant-coating on the magnesium anode, the anodic current density, etc., has been carried out. The results of the single electrode studies have been verified with improved MgMnO₂ dry cells. Finally, a probable mechanism based on a ‘metal dissolution — film dilatation — film breakdown’ model has been proposed in order to explain the delayed action under various experimental conditions.     

Compatibility Study Between Famotidine and Some Excipients Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Based on DSC thermograms, famotidine interacted with kollidon, primojel, crospovidone, emcompress or lactose. There were no interaction between famotidine and talc, Mg stearate or avicel PH 101. HPLC analysis confirmed these interactions between famotidine with emcompress and crospovidone.     

Vacuole segregation in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae vac2-1 mutant: structural and biochemical quantification of the segregation defect and formation of new vacuoles

The conditional vacuolar segregation mutant vac2-1 [Shaw and Wickner (1991) EMBO J. 10, 1741-1748] shifted to non-permissive temperature (37 degrees C), forms large-budded cells without a vacuole in the bud, and daughter cells without an apparent vacuole. Some cells still contain normal segregation structures. Structural and biochemical quantification of the segregation defect showed that (i) about 10% of the full-grown buds did not contain a vacuole, (ii) about 15% of the small cells washed out of a population growing in an elutriation chamber at 37 degrees C, did not contain a visible vacuole, and (iii) 15% of the cells per generation lost carboxypeptidase Y activity after proteinase A depletion. Thus, 10-15% of the daughter cells did not inherit vacuolar structures or vacuolar proteolytic activity from the mother cell. To investigate the fate of vacuole-less daughters, these cells were isolated by optical trapping. The isolated cells formed colonies on agar plates that consisted of cells with normal vacuoles, both at 23 and 37 degrees C. Thus, the vacuole-less cells that failed to inherit proteolytic activities from the mother cell apparently give rise to progeny containing structurally normal vacuoles. Time-lapse experiments showed that vacuole-less daughter cells formed vacuolar vesicles that fused into a new vacuole within 30 min. Although new buds only emerged after a vacuole had formed in the mother cell, the temporary lack of a vacuole had little effect on growth rate. The results suggest that an alternative pathway for vacuole formation exists, and that yeast cells may require a vacuole of some minimal size to initiate a new round of budding.     

Optimizing Drying Conditions for Microwave-Vacuum (MIVAC®) Drying of Russet Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum)

MIVAC® combines microwave heating with vacuum drying. Microwave power is modulated based upon product temperature and can limit overheating compared to other microwave-vacuum methods. Blanched potatoes were dried at 50, 60, and 70°C for 0 to 150 min. Potatoes dried at 70°C had a lower moisture content in less time compared to potatoes dried at 50 and 60°C, but the color of the dehydrated potatoes was affected due to overheating. Drying at 60°C for 150 min resulted in dried potatoes with acceptable color. Drying at 50°C resulted in dehydrated potatoes of acceptable color; however, it required more time.     

Word reordering on multiple pivots for the Japanese and Indonesian language pair

Machine Translation - We investigated multiple pivot approaches for the Japanese and Indonesian (Ja–Id) language pair in phrase-based statistical machine translation (SMT). We used four...     

Applications of laser transmission processes for the joining of plastics, silicon and glass micro parts

Joining processes for microtechnology must fulfil special requirements concerning mechanical and thermal load of the components as well as their alignment accuracy. For these applications laser radiation as an energy source is ideally suited for joining with a minimum of energy load to the parts. In particular, laser transmission joining is used for joining plastics, silicon or glass using the total or partial transmission of the different materials and performing hidden joints inside a component. Since the optical properties of the materials play a decisive role for this joining technology, an optimization of absorbers and material conditions is of crucial importance for high quality joints. Investigations on different absorbent dyes for micro welding of plastics show their applicability, but also the limitations of these materials. For silicon and glass as well as silicon and silicon new fiber lasers with process-adapted wavelengths and strategies have been investigated and qualified as a versatile tool in micro assembly.     

A step-by-step dual cycle sequencing method for unit-load automated storage and retrieval systems

The sequencing of requests in an automated storage and retrieval system was the subject of many studies in literature. However, these studies assumed that the locations of items to be stored and retrieved are known and the sequencing problem consisted in determining a route of minimal travel time between these locations. In reality, for a retrieval request, an item can be in multiple locations of the rack and so there is a set of locations associated with this item and not only one predetermined location in the rack. In this paper, we deal with the sequencing problem where a required product can be in several rack locations and there is a set of empty locations. Consequently, the retrieval and storage locations are not known a priori. We sequence by the minimum travel time of a double cycle (DC). An optimization method working step-by-step is developed to determine for each DC and according to storage and retrieval requests, the location of the item to be stored and the location of the item to be retrieved allowing the minimum DC time. The storage requests are processed in FCFS and retrieval requests retrievals requests are gathered by block according to wave sequencing.     

M(o)ssbauer and electron microscopy study of martensitic transformations in an Fe-Mn-Mo alloy

The kinetic,morphological,crystallographic,and magnetic characteristics of thermally induced martensites in Fe-13.4wt%Mn-5.2wt% Mo alloy were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and M(o)ssbauer spectroscopy.The experimental results reveal that two types of thermal-induced martensites,ε(hcp)and αˊ(bcc)martensites,are formed in the as-quenched condition,and these transformations have athermal characters.Mo addition to the Fe-Mn alloy does not change the coexistence of ε and αˊ martensites with the Mn content between 10wt% and 15wt%.Besides,M(o)ssbauer spectra reveal a paramagnetic character with a singlet for the γ(fcc)austenite and ε martensite phases and a ferromagnetic character with a broad sextet for the αˊ martensite phase.The volume fraction of αˊmartensite forming in the quenched alloy is much more than that of the ε martensite.