Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis of Hair Follicle Morphogenesis Reveals That lncRNA-H19 Promotes Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation through the Chi-miR-214-3p/β-Catenin Axis in Cashmere Goats

Cashmere is initiated and develops in the fetal stages and the number and density of secondary hair follicles (SHFs) determine cashmere production and quality. Growing evidence indicates that both microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) play an indispensable role in hair follicle (HF) growth and development. However, little is known about miRNAs, lncRNAs, and their functions as well as their interactions during cashmere initiation and development. Here, based on lncRNA and miRNA high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we identified 10,485 lncRNAs, 40,639 mRNAs, and 605 miRNAs in cashmere goat skin during HF induction, organogenesis, and cytodifferentiation stages. Among them, 521 lncRNAs, 5976 genes, and 204 miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE). KEGG analysis of DE genes indicated that ECM–receptor interaction and biosynthesis of amino acids were crucial for HF development. Notch, TGF-beta, and Wnt signaling pathways were also identified, which are conventional pathways associated with HF growth and development. Then, the ceRNA regulatory network was constructed, and the impact of lncRNA H19 was investigated in dermal papilla (DP) cells. The MTT, CCK-8, and EdU assays showed that the viability and proliferation of DP cells were promoted by H19, and mechanistic studies suggested that H19 performed its function through the chi-miR-214-3p/β-catenin axis. The present study created a resource for lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA studies in cashmere morphogenesis. It could contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of ncRNAs involved in the regulation of HF growth and development.     

提高带式输送机受料段可靠性的优化研究

对带式输送机日常生产应用中受料段产生的缓冲托辊磨损、撒料等常见问题进行相关分析,结合带式输送机受料段的结构特点和应用情况进行相应改进,以达到提高带式输送机使用效率、延长输送机使用寿命的目的.     

Rationale and Clinical Research Progress on PD-1/PD-L1-Based Immunotherapy for Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC), a highly aggressive and malignant tumor, currently lacks an effective treatment. There has been some progress in the treatment of mTNBC with programmed death receptor-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immunotherapy in recent years. The combination of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with other therapies is a noteworthy treatment strategy. Immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy or small-molecule inhibitors still faces many challenges. Additionally, there are some new immunotherapy targets in development. We aimed to further evaluate the effectiveness and usefulness of immunotherapy for treating mTNBC and to propose new immunotherapy strategies. This review explains the rationale and results of existing clinical trials evaluating PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors alone or in combination for the treatment of mTNBC. For patients with aggressive tumors and poor health, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, either alone or in combination with other modalities, have proven to be effective. However, more research is needed to explore more effective immunotherapy regimens that will lead to new breakthroughs in the treatment of mTNBC.     

基于深度学习的真实尺度运动恢复结构方法

传统的多视图几何方法获取场景结构存在两个问题：一是因图片模糊和低纹理带来的特征点误匹配,从而导致重建精度降低;二是单目相机缺少尺度信息,重建结果只能确定未知的比例因子,无法获取准确的场景结构。针对这些问题本文提出一种基于深度学习的真实尺度运动恢复结构方法。首先使用卷积神经网络获取图片的深度信息;接着为了恢复单目相机的尺度信息,引入惯性传感单元(IMU),将IMU获取的加速度和角速度与ORB-SLAM2获取的相机位姿进行时域和频域上的协同,在频域中获取单目相机的尺度信息;最后将图片的深度图和具有尺度因子的相机位姿进行融合,重建出场景的三维结构。实验表明,使用Depth CNN网络获取的单目图像深度图解决了多层卷积池化操作输出图像分辨率低和缺少重要特征信息的问题,绝对值误差达到了0.192,准确率高达0.959;采用多传感器融合的方法,在频域上获取单目相机的尺度能够达到0.24 m的尺度误差,相比于VIORB方法获取的相机尺度精度更高;重建的三维模型与真实大小具有0.2 m左右的误差,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

弹性波能量集中器散射效应的FRFT分析

由于弹性波传播动力学方程较复杂,若通过材料参数设计控制弹性波的传播路径,难以获得准确的设计结果。通常在对弹性波材料进行设计时,需要根据实际情况(如高频条件),对动力学方程进行简化或者近似才可以设计出基于弹性波的相应器件。由于这种设计方法的阻抗匹配和介质材料的无损要求难以满足,使得在设计弹性波传播器件过程中出现散射现象,而且往往散射的波形还是频变的信号,因此,在评价弹性波器件设计优劣时,散射现象的大小标志着设计效果的好坏,成为评价设计的手段和工具。但是,散射现象往往仅根据肉眼观察,难以准确地描述,无法给出定量的结果进行说明。为此,本文提出的分数阶Fourier变换(FRFT)对频变信号具有良好的聚焦特性,可利用频率变化的调频率,定量描述散射效应的大小,给出弹性波传播控制散射效应的一种定量的描述方法,降低散射程度认知的盲目性,为简化材料介质参数的设计提供依据。     

表面微结构金属干式电极制造及细菌粘附性能研究

为开发出高性能生物医用干式电极,提出了利用激光微铣-重铸加工方法,实现了表面具有微结构阵列特征的新型金属干式电极的制造成形。在分析电极表面微观形貌的基础上,研究了电极表面的润湿性能,并重点研究了扫描间距、扫描速度和扫描次数等加工参数对大肠杆菌粘附性能的影响规律。研究结果表明：在一定工艺参数条件下所加工出具有微结构阵列特征的电极的接触角可达150°以上,表现出超疏水的特性。在不同扫描间隙和扫描次数条件下加工出的电极对大肠杆菌的粘附性能具有较大影响,在选择0.1 mm扫描间隙时,电极表面粘附的大肠杆菌数量最少,适当增加扫描次数,也能够有效地减少电极表面大肠杆菌的粘结,从而发挥较好的抗菌效果。通过改变扫描速度加工出的电极则对大肠杆菌的粘附性能影响不大。     

激光视觉融合下的运动检测与失配矫正

针对单一传感器在动态场景感知问题上的局限性,设计了一种融合激光与视觉的实现系统,并对运动检测中的背景显露区误判问题和融合中不同传感器间点云的失配问题分别提出了改进算法。在运动检测上,首先基于视觉的背景差分算法对激光进行前景点分拣,再以激光前景点为启发信息进行视觉前景聚类。在融合失配问题上,首先基于栅格失配度分别对激光和视觉点云进行聚类分割,再以激光为基准,逐一将对应的视觉点云与之配准,滤除噪声后所得到的矫正点云可用于场景重建进行进一步验证。实验结果表明,改进算法所获得的融合前景对"影子"有更好的鲁棒性;较之整体配准的矫正,改进算法在平均失配度上降低了约75%,在y和z方向上的偏移比收敛了至少5%。     

Functional micro‐concrete 3D hybrid structures fabricated by two‐photon polymerization

Arbitrary micro-scale three-dimensional (3D) structures fabrication is a dream to achieve many exciting goals that have been pursued for a long time. Among all these applications, the direct 3D printing to fabricate human organs and integrated photonic circuits are extraordinary attractive as they can promote the current technology to a new level. Among all the 3D printing methods available, two-photon polymerization (2PP) is very competitive as it is the unique method to achieve sub-micron resolution to make any desired tiny structures. For the conventional 2PP, the building block is the photoresist. However, the requirement for the building block is different for different purposes. It is very necessary to investigate and improve the photoresist properties according to different requirements. In this paper, we presented one hybrid method to modify the mechanical strength and light trapping efficiency of the photoresist, which transfers the photoresist into the micro-concretes. The micro-concrete structure can achieve ±22% strength modification via a silica nano-particles doping. The structures doped with gold nano-particles show tunable plasmonic absorption. Dye doped hybrid structure shows great potential to fabricate 3D micro-chip laser.     

超声波法提取板栗壳多糖的工艺条件优化

以板栗壳为原料,通过单因素实验,考察超声波功率、料液比、超声波处理时间对板栗壳多糖提取效果的影响。在单因素实验的基础上选取实验因素和水平,根据中心组合(CCD)实验设计原理,采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法,确定提取板栗壳多糖的最佳工艺条件为超声波功率为165W、料液比为1∶62、超声波处理时间为27min,在该条件下,超声波提取板栗壳多糖的效率最高,得率为11.48%。      

响应面法优化酶解工艺在甘薯压差膨化工艺中的应用

采用中温α-淀粉酶酶解甘薯片中的甘薯淀粉以降低甘薯淀粉含量。应用响应面法优化酶解条件,并将获得的最佳酶解条件应用于甘薯压差膨化工艺中,目的在于获得一种效果较好的甘薯压差膨化工艺。响应面法优化中温α-淀粉酶酶解甘薯片中淀粉的最佳酶解条件是:料液比1∶4,pH为6.3,酶解温度66℃,酶解时间60min,酶添加量为0.95%;甘薯压差膨化的工艺条件是:压力差0.4MPa,切片厚度为2³mm,膨化温度100℃,停滞时间10min,抽空温度90⁹5℃,抽空时间2h。在此条件下获得的甘薯脆片其品质高于未经酶解的甘薯脆片。