包装生态理论研究

提出了包装生态的概念,构造了包装生态理论的框架,论述了其特定内涵及其它的研究的经济价值与社会意义。     

Enhanced π–π Interactions of Nonfullerene Acceptors by Volatilizable Solid Additives in Efficient Polymer Solar Cells

Fine‐tuning of the nanoscale morphologies of the active layers in polymer solar cells (PSCs) through various techniques plays a vital role in improving the photovoltaic performance. However, for emerging nonfullerene (NF) PSCs, the morphology optimization of the active‐layer films empirically follows the methods originally developed in fullerene‐based blends and lacks systematic studies. In this work, two solid additives with different volatilities, SA‐4 and SA‐7, are applied to investigate their influence on the morphologies and photovoltaic performances of NF‐PSCs. Although both solid additives effectively promote the molecular packing of the NF acceptors, due to the higher volatility of SA‐4, the devices processed with SA‐4 exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 13.5%, higher than that of the control devices, and the devices processed with SA‐7 exhibit poor performances. Through a series of detailed morphological analyses, it is found that the volatilization of SA‐4 after thermal annealing is beneficial for the self‐assembly packing of acceptors, while the residuals due to the incomplete volatilization of SA‐7 have a negative effect on the film morphology. The results delineate the feasibility of applying volatilizable solid additives and provide deeper insights into the working mechanism, establishing guidelines for further material design of solid additives.     

Verrucosidin Derivatives from the Deep Sea Cold-Seep-Derived Fungus Penicillium polonicum CS-252

Six novel verrucosidin derivatives, namely, poloncosidins A–F (1–6), together with one known analogue (7), were isolated and identified from the deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium polonicum CS-252, which was obtained from cold-seep sediments collected in the South China Sea at a depth of 1183 m. Their structures were mainly established on the basis of a detailed interpretation of NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. The relative and absolute configurations of compounds 1–6 were determined by ECD calculations and a DP4+ probability analysis. Compounds 1–5 represent the first examples of verrucosidins with a 2,5-dihydrofuran ring which is uncommon among the known analogues. These compounds exhibited inhibitory activities against several human and aquatic pathogens with MIC values ranging from 4 to 32 μg/mL.     

Molecular and Physiological Responses of Citrus sinensis Leaves to Long-Term Low pH Revealed by RNA-Seq Integrated with Targeted Metabolomics

Low pH-induced alterations in gene expression profiles and organic acids (OA) and free amino acid (FAA) abundances were investigated in sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Xuegan] leaves. We identified 503 downregulated and 349 upregulated genes in low pH-treated leaves. Further analysis indicated that low pH impaired light reaction and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, thereby lowering photosynthesis in leaves. Low pH reduced carbon and carbohydrate metabolisms, OA biosynthesis and ATP production in leaves. Low pH downregulated the biosynthesis of nitrogen compounds, proteins, and FAAs in leaves, which might be conducive to maintaining energy homeostasis during ATP deprivation. Low pH-treated leaves displayed some adaptive responses to phosphate starvation, including phosphate recycling, lipid remodeling, and phosphate transport, thus enhancing leaf acid-tolerance. Low pH upregulated the expression of some reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aldehyde detoxifying enzyme (peroxidase and superoxidase) genes and the concentrations of some antioxidants (L-tryptophan, L-proline, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, and pyroglutamic acid), but it impaired the pentose phosphate pathway and V_E and secondary metabolite biosynthesis and downregulated the expression of some ROS and aldehyde detoxifying enzyme (ascorbate peroxidase, aldo-keto reductase, and 2-alkenal reductase) genes and the concentrations of some antioxidants (pyridoxine and γ-aminobutyric acid), thus disturbing the balance between production and detoxification of ROS and aldehydes and causing oxidative damage to leaves.     

Studied on a novel human keratinocyte membrane delivery system in vitro

The culture of keratinocytes on flexible membranes has been proposed as a means to simplify, accelerate and improve the efficiency with which proliferating cells are delivered to full thickness or non-healing skin defects. The purpose of this article was to study the ability of chitosan-gelatin manbranes to facilitate the growth of human keratinocytes. The membranes with different chitosan contents were studied. The surface properties of chitosan-gelatin membranes were investigate by SEM, and water contact angle test. The mechanical property of the membranes was tested. Data implied that gelatin could make the membranes more flexible and hydrophilic than chitosan membranes, which may regulate the seeded cells behavior. Loading human keratinocytes on chitosan-gelatin membranes, cells attachment, spread, and growth were investigated by light microscopy, SEM, and MTT test. The results suggested that the adhesion and proliferation of keratinocytes seeded on chitosan-gelatin membranes were same as on tissue culture plate, in which gelatin could modify the interaction between keratinocytes and chitosan membranes. Therefore, chitosan-gelatin membrane is a good candidate for keratinocytes delivery system.     

冷历史对PA1010及其共混物内耗行为的影响

本工作对尼龙1010(PA1010)及其与双酚A型聚碳酸酯(PC)的共混物进行了内耗测量,发现它们的内耗峰温与测量起始温度有密切联系。     

多室内环流反应器中液体循环量的试验验证与模拟

目的 对液相氧化脱硫多室内环流反应器液体循环量的影响因素进行模拟和验证。方法 采用CFD数值模拟,基于欧拉-欧拉多相流模型,对液相氧化脱硫多室内环流反应器进行气液两相流模拟,考查了酸气流量和空气流量对液体循环量的影响。结果 利用数值模拟得到的液体循环量与利用靶式流量计测得的液体循环量误差小于10%。当酸气中H₂S体积分数不超过3%时,液体循环量(z)与酸气流量(x)、空气流量(y)之间的关系式为：z=-474.996+0.358x+0.487 3y。结论 欧拉-欧拉两相流模型能够准确地预测液相氧化脱硫反应器内液体循环量。     

甲烷中四氢噻吩气体标准物质制备及应用

目的 为天然气加臭剂的测量活动提供可追溯性,以保证检测结果的准确可靠。方法 采用称量法研制了摩尔分数为1.00～20.00μmol/mol的甲烷中四氢噻吩气体标准物质,考查了该气体标准物质的均匀性和稳定性。依据该标准物质建立了硫化学发光检测器气相色谱仪(GC-SCD)测定甲烷中四氢噻吩的方法。结果 制得的气体标准物质相对扩展不确定度为2%,k=2,国家标准物质证书编号为GBW(E)062460,采用GC-SCD测定甲烷中四氢噻吩的方法,在摩尔分数为0～5.00μmol/mol的范围内,线性良好,相关系数r=1.000,检出限低至0.03μmol/mol,并应用于天然气样品的测试,7次测量的相对标准偏差为2.1%～3.4%。结论 基于有证标准物质进行量值溯源的GC-SCD测定甲烷中四氢噻吩的方法准确可靠,为天然气中加臭剂四氢噻吩的测量提供技术保障。