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排序方式: 共有238条查询结果,搜索用时 281 毫秒
231.
Lind T Hokkinen J Jokiniemi JK Saarikoski S Hillamo R 《Environmental science & technology》2003,37(12):2842-2846
Particle and trace element emissions from energy production have continuously been subject to tightening regulations. At the same time, not enough is known on the effect of different combustion processes and different fuels and fuel mixtures on the particle characteristics and particle removal device operation. In this investigation, electrostatic precipitator fractional collection efficiency and trace metal emissions were determined experimentally at a 66 MW biomass-fueled bubbling fluidized-bed combustion plant. The measurements were carried out at the inlet and outlet of the two-field electrostatic precipitator (ESP) at the flue gas temperature of 130-150 degrees C. Two fuel mixtures were investigated: biomass fuel containing 70% wood residue and 30% peat and biomass with recovered fuel containing 70% wood residue, 18% peat, and 12% recovered fuel. The particle mass concentration at the ESP inlet was 510-1400 mg/Nm3. Particle emission at the ESP outlet was 2.3-6.4 mg/Nm3. Total ESP collection efficiency was 99.2-99.8%. Collection efficiency had a minimum in particle size range of 0.1-2 microm. In this size range, collection efficiency was 96-97%. The emission of the trace metals As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl, and V was well below the regulation values set by EU directive for waste incineration and co-incineration. 相似文献
232.
Discovery of urinary biomarkers of whole grain rye intake in free‐living subjects using nontargeted LC‐MS metabolite profiling 下载免费PDF全文
233.
In vitro studies toward noninvasive glucose monitoring with optical coherence tomography 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure glucose-induced changes in Intralipid and in mouse skin samples in vitro. Mouse skin samples are cultured in a CO2 incubator before measurements are made with different amounts of added glucose concentrations. The results show that the glucose-induced changes in the OCT slope value vary between 20% and 52%/30 mM glucose in different mouse skin samples. This change is much larger than the change in 2% Intralipid (2.1%/30 mM) and in 5% Intralipid (0.86%/30 mM). Hence the results show that OCT has potential to monitor glucose-induced changes in tissues in vitro. 相似文献
234.
Ostman P Luosujärvi L Haapala M Grigoras K Ketola RA Kotiaho T Franssila S Kostiainen R 《Analytical chemistry》2006,78(9):3027-3031
An atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) microchip is presented for combining a gas chromatograph (GC) to a mass spectrometer (MS). The chip includes capillary insertion channel, stopper, vaporizer channel, nozzle and nebulizer gas inlet fabricated on the silicon wafer, and a platinum heater sputtered on a glass wafer. These two wafers are joined by anodic bonding creating a two-dimensional version of an APCI microchip. The sample from GC is directed via heated transfer line capillary to the vaporizer channel of the APCI chip. The etched nozzle forms narrow sample plume, which is ionized by an external corona discharge needle, and the ions are analyzed by a mass spectrometer. The GC-microchip APCI-MS combination provides an efficient method for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The spectra produced by microchip APCI show intensive protonated molecule and some fragmentation products as in classical chemical ionization for structure elucidation. In quantitative analysis the GC-microchip APCI-MS showed good linearity (r(2) = 0.9989) and repeatability (relative standard deviation 4.4%). The limits of detection with signal-to-noise ratio of three were between 0.5 and 2 micromol/L with MS mode using selected ion monitoring and 0.05 micromol/L with MS/MS using multiple reaction monitoring. 相似文献
235.
Nora Pap Mika Mahosenaho Eva Pongrácz Helmi Mikkonen Mari Jaakkola Vesa Virtanen Liisa Myllykoski Zsuzsanna Horváth-Hovorka Cecília Hodúr Gyula Vatai Riitta L. Keiski 《Food and Bioprocess Technology》2012,5(3):921-928
This paper evaluates the efficiency of ultrafiltration and the effects of processing on the total anthocyanin and flavonol contents of black currant juice at chosen operational conditions. Ultrafiltration of black currant juices was carried out using Biomax 100?kDa polyethersulfone membrane. Ultrafiltration was used to process the juice prior concentration by reverse osmosis; with the aim to enhance the efficiency of the concentration process in terms of permeate flux. To avoid the fouling of the membrane, the juices were depectinized with Panzym Super E liquid enzyme preparation. The ultrafiltration was carried out at a transmembrane pressure of 2?bars and the operating temperature of 25?°C. The effect of processing on the valuable anthocyanin and flavonol content of the juices was evaluated based on the results of high-performance liquid chromatography analyses. The article includes detailed analyses of anthocyanin and flavonol compounds of the enzyme treated and ultrafiltered juice as compared with the original juice. The results indicate that, due to the enzymatic treatment, the valuable compound content of the juice increases. However, the ultrafiltration process resulted in a significant loss of a valuable content; 54% of total flavonol and 50% of total anthocyanins maintained in ultrafiltered juice when compared to the feed samples. 相似文献
236.
Efficient Reinforcement Learning through Symbiotic Evolution 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
This article presents a new reinforcement learning method called SANE (Symbiotic, Adaptive Neuro-Evolution), which evolves a population of neurons through genetic algorithms to form a neural network capable of performing a task. Symbiotic evolution promotes both cooperation and specialization, which results in a fast, efficient genetic search and discourages convergence to suboptimal solutions. In the inverted pendulum problem, SANE formed effective networks 9 to 16 times faster than the Adaptive Heuristic Critic and 2 times faster than Q-learning and the GENITOR neuro-evolution approach without loss of generalization. Such efficient learning, combined with few domain assumptions, make SANE a promising approach to a broad range of reinforcement learning problems, including many real-world applications. 相似文献
237.
Onni Niemel Anni S. Halkola Aini Bloigu Risto Bloigu Ulla Nivukoski Heidi Pohjasniemi Johanna Kultti 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(21)
Aberrations in blood cells are common among heavy alcohol drinkers. In order to shed further light on such responses, we compared blood cell status with markers of hemolysis, mediators of inflammation and immune responses to ethanol metabolites in alcohol-dependent patients at the time of admission for detoxification and after abstinence. Blood cell counts, indices of hemolysis (LDH, haptoglobin, bilirubin), calprotectin (a marker of neutrophil activation), suPAR, CD163, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and autoantibodies against protein adducts with acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, were measured from alcohol-dependent patients (73 men, 26 women, mean age 43.8 ± 10.4 years) at baseline and after 8 ± 1 days of abstinence. The assessments also included information on the quantities of alcohol drinking and assays for biomarkers of alcohol consumption (CDT), liver function (AST, ALT, ALP, GGT) and acute phase reactants of inflammation. At baseline, the patients showed elevated values of CDT and biomarkers of liver status, which decreased significantly during abstinence. A significant decrease also occurred in LDH, bilirubin, CD163 and IgA and IgM antibodies against acetaldehyde adducts, whereas a significant increase was noted in blood leukocytes, platelets, MCV and suPAR levels. The changes in blood leukocytes correlated with those in serum calprotectin (p < 0.001), haptoglobin (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.02) and suPAR (p < 0.02). The changes in MCV correlated with those in LDH (p < 0.02), MCH (p < 0.01), bilirubin (p < 0.001) and anti-adduct IgG (p < 0.01). The data indicates that ethanol-induced changes in blood leukocytes are related with acute phase reactants of inflammation and release of neutrophil calprotectin. The studies also highlight the role of hemolysis and immune responses to ethanol metabolites underlying erythrocyte abnormalities in alcohol abusers. 相似文献
238.
Maarit H. Lahtinen Emma Kynkäänniemi Ching Jian Anne Salonen Anne-Maria Pajari Kirsi S. Mikkonen 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2023,67(20):2300201