按照最严格的环境法规进行生产

中国、韩国以及美国的部分州都有类似于欧洲RoHS指令的环境法规,这些法规之间存在很小的差别但这些差别却又是不容忽视的。之所以说重要是因为这些差别集中在豁免、报告、合格证明等关键的地方。各国或地区依据不同的环境法规,产生了不同的新规定,这使国际贸易情况变得更加复杂     

Memory Fault Modeling Trends: A Case Study

In recent years, embedded memories are the fastest growing segment of system on chip. They therefore have a major impact on the overall Defect per Million (DPM). Further, the shrinking technologies and processes introduce new defects that cause previously unknown faults; such faults have to be understood and modeled in order to design appropriate test techniques that can reduce the DPM level. This paper discusses a new memory fault class, namely dynamic faults, based on industrial test results; it defines the concept of dynamic faults based on the fault primitive concept. It further shows the importance of dynamic faults for the new memory technologies and introduces a systematic way for modeling them. It concludes that current and future SRAM products need to consider testability for dynamic faults or leave substantial DPM on the table, and sets a direction for further research.     

Die Gestalten Verlag

你一定听过Die Gestalten Verlag，当然你的书架中肯定也有很多它的书。但是，想知道这一出版界巨子是如何成为设计世界的实际操纵者吗？看看Ian Harris所找到的……     

Squamous intraepithelial lesions in young female university students]

Positron emission tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are non-invasive techniques that allow serial metabolic measurements to be obtained in a single subject. Significant advantages could be obtained if both types of scans could be acquired with a single machine. A small-scale PET scanner, designed to operate in a high magnetic field, was therefore constructed and inserted into the top half of a 7.3 cm bore, 9.4 T NMR magnet and its performance characterized. The magnetic field did not significantly affect either the sensitivity (approximately 3 kcps/MBq) or the spatial resolution (2.0 mm full width at half maximum, measured using a 0.25 mm diameter line source) of the scanner. However, the presence of the PET scanner resulted in a small decrease in field homogeneity. The first, simultaneous 31P NMR spectra (200, 80 degrees pulses collected at 6 s intervals) and PET images (transverse, mid-ventricular slices at the level of the mitral value) from isolated, perfused rat hearts were acquired using a specially designed NMR probe inserted into the bottom half of the magnet. The PET images were of excellent quality, enabling the left ventricular wall and interventricular septum to be clearly seen. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the simultaneous acquisition of PET and NMR data from perfused rat hearts; we believe that the combination of these two powerful techniques has tremendous potential in both the laboratory and the clinic.     

Micrometer-scale machining: tool fabrication and initial results

Conventional milling techniques scaled to ultrasmall dimensions have been used to machine polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with micrometer-sized milling tools. The object of this work is to achieve machining of a common material over dimensions exceeding 1 mm while holding submicrometer tolerances and micrometer size features. Fabricating the milling tools themselves was also an object of the study. A tool geometry for nominal 25 micrometer diameter cutting tools was found that cuts PMMA with submicrometer tolerances over trench lengths of 2 mm. The tool shape is a simple planar facet cut by focused ion beam milling on ground and polished 25 micrometer diameter steel tool blanks. Pairs of trenches 24 micrometers wide, 26 micrometers deep, 2.3 mm long, with a 14 micrometer separation were milled under various machining conditions. The results indicate that the limits of the machining process in terms of speed, pattern complexity, and tolerances have not been approached. This is the first demonstration of a generic method for microtool making by focused ion beam machining combined with ultraprecision numerically controlled milling. The method is shown to be capable of producing structures and geometries that are considered inaccessible by conventional materials removal techniques, and generally regarded as applications for deep X-ray lithography.     

Adaptive neural net (ANN) models for desulphurization of hot metal and steel

Neural nets can be adapted to complex patterns of interrelated input and output variables in a process even if the data sets contain a lot of noise. In this work two specific examples for the application of adaptive neural nets (ANN) in steel Industry are described. First, the sulphur content of hot-metal, obtained at the end of calcium carbide powder injection into 4001 torpedo ladles is predicted as a function of hot-metal weight, treatment time, initial sulphur content, gas flow rate and powder injection rate. The values predicted by the trained ANN model for a completely new set of input test data compare well with the actual values obtained on the shop floor. In the second example, the sulphur content of steel, obtained at the end of blow is predicted as a function of liquid-metal weight, total amount of oxygen injected, amount of iron ore added, and the temperature, contents of carbon, manganese, phosphorus and sulphur determined by in-blow sampling in a 300 t converter. The ANN predicted values of sulphur content of steel at tap (without reblow) also agree well with the values obtained on the shop floor.     

Spatial Tapping Interferes With the Processing of Linguistic Spatial Relations.

Simple spatial relations may be represented either in a prepositional format that is dependent on verbal rehearsal or in a picture-like format that is maintained by visual-spatial rehearsal. In sentence-picture and picture-picture verification tasks, we examined the effect of an articulatory suppression and a spatial tapping dual task on the encoding of simple spatial relations (e.g., triangle left of circle). Articulatory suppression did not interfere, while spatial tapping lowered performance in both tasks. Apparently, both linguistic and perceptual inputs of simple spatial relations engaged the visual-spatial working memory. In the sentence-picture verification experiments, spatial tapping only hampered performance of participants who were classified on the basis of their RT patterns as having used a visual-spatial strategy, while it had no effect for those who were classified as having applied a verbal strategy. Therefore, this study provides converging evidence, using a dual-task methodology, that both separate verbal and visual-spatial strategies exist for the processing of simple spatial sentences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)