Tin naphthalocyanine complexes for infrared absorption in organic photovoltaic cells

In this work, we examine the optical properties of tin naphthalocyanine dichloride (SnNcCl₂), and its performance as an electron donor material in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). As an active material, SnNcCl₂ is attractive for its narrow energy gap which facilitates optical absorption past a wavelength of λ = 1100 nm. We demonstrate a power conversion efficiency of η_P = (1.2 ± 0.1)% under simulated AM1.5G solar illumination at 100 mW/cm² using the electron donor–acceptor pairing of SnNcCl₂ and C₆₀ in a bilayer device architecture. While some phthalocyanines have been previously used to improve infrared absorption, this is often realized through the formation of molecular dimers. In SnNcCl₂, the infrared absorption is intrinsic to the molecule, arising as a result of the extended conjugation. Consequently, it is expected that SnNcCl₂ could be utilized in bulk heterojunction OPVs without sacrificing infrared absorption.     

Accelerated image processing on FPGAs

The Cameron project has developed a language called single assignment C (SA-C), and a compiler for mapping image-based applications written in SA-C to field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The paper tests this technology by implementing several applications in SA-C and compiling them to an Annapolis Microsystems (AMS) WildStar board with a Xilinx XV2000E FPGA. The performance of these applications on the FPGA is compared to the performance of the same applications written in assembly code or C for an 800 MHz Pentium III. (Although no comparison across processors is perfect, these chips were the first of their respective classes fabricated at 0.18 microns, and are therefore of comparable ages.) We find that applications written in SA-C and compiled to FPGAs are between 8 and 800 times faster than the equivalent program run on the Pentium III.     

The natural food grade inhibitor, lacticin 3147, reduced the incidence of mastitis after experimental challenge with Streptococcus dysgalactiae in nonlactating dairy cows.

Lacticin 3147 is a broad-spectrum bacteriocin produced by the food-grade organism Lactococcus lactis. Lacticin 3147 is active at a neutral pH and has been shown to be bactericidal to streptococci and staphylococci in vitro. The effectiveness of an intramammary teat seal formulation, and a teat seal containing lacticin 3147 was evaluated at drying off in 68 uninfected quarters of 18 cows. Following infusion of either teat seal or lacticin 3147 combined with teat seal, a deliberate infection challenge of Streptococcus dysgalactiae (approximately equal to 1.5 x 10(4) cfu per teat) was administered by direct inoculation into the teat sinus. During an 8-d experimental period following inoculation, 61% of control quarters and 6% of the treatment quarters either developed clinical mastitis or were shedding the challenge organism. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction genetic typing was used to confirm that both the new infections and the bacteria surviving in the teats at the end of the experiment were the challenge strain. The combination of teat seal and lacticin 3147 was well tolerated within the udder and elicited only a temporary increase in somatic cell count to 5.7 x 10(5)/ml (88 h after infusion) in a previously uninfected lactating udder quarter. Therefore, we concluded that this nonantibiotic approach to mastitis prevention may contribute to a reduction in the routine application of antibiotics at drying off in the future.     

面向照相手机的小型低成本集成视频放大器

在电视屏幕上显示照片是当今照相手机中一项越来越重要的功能,因为它能让您比以往更令人满意地与朋友及家人一起观看您拍摄的照片.电视输出功能可以相对较少的成本增加至照相手机中,并为手机厂商提供重要的增收机会.     

Pure Blue Electroluminescence by Differentiated Ion Motion in a Single Layer Perovskite Device

Blue electroluminescence is highly desired for emerging light-emitting devices for display applications and optoelectronics in general. However, saturated, efficient, and stable blue emission has been challenging to achieve, particularly in mixed-halide perovskites, where intrinsic ion motion and halide segregation compromises spectral purity. Here, CsPbBr_3−xCl_x perovskites, polyelectrolytes, and a salt additive are leveraged to demonstrate pure blue emission from single-layer light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). The electrolytes transport the ions from salt additives, enhancing charge injection and stabilizing the inherent perovskite emissive lattice for highly pure and sustained blue emission. Substituting Cl into CsPbBr₃ tunes the perovskite luminescence from green through blue. Sky blue and saturated blue devices produce International Commission on Illumination coordinates of (0.105, 0.129) and (0.136, 0.068), respectively, with the latter meeting the US National Television Committee standard for the blue primary. Likewise, maximum luminances of 2900 and 1000 cd m⁻², external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 4.3% and 3.9%, and luminance half-lives of 5.7 and 4.9 h are obtained for sky blue and saturated blue devices, respectively. Polymer and LiPF₆ inclusion increases photoluminescence efficiency, suppresses halide segregation, induces thin-film smoothness and uniformity, and reduces crystallite size. Overall, these devices show superior performance among blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) and general LECs.     

IsoEthernet: an integrated services LAN

IsoEthernet is an integrated services LAN directed at multimedia applications. It enables the carrying of 6.144 Mb/s of isochronous data (96 B-channels at 64 kb/s each) in addition to 19 Mb/s of 10Base-T traffic using the existing 10Base-T wiring infrastructure. A 10Base-T mode of operation accommodates existing 10Base-T equipment. Interoperability with 10Base-T networks is provided for packet traffic. IsoEthernet is being standardized by the IEEE 802.9 standards committee     

码分多址（CDMA）技术和公用空中接口综述

本文主要讨论数字移动通信中扩频码分多址技术，阐明了ＣＤＭＡ体制的优越之外，分析了ＣＤＭＡ的关键技术，全面介绍了ＣＤＭＡ系统设计的基本原则和ＩＳ－９５－Ａ空中接口标准的含义。     

Diffeomorphic image registration of diffusion MRI using spherical harmonics

Nonrigid registration of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for group analyses and building white matter and fiber tract atlases. Most current diffusion MRI registration techniques are limited to the alignment of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data. We propose a novel diffeomorphic registration method for high angular resolution diffusion images by mapping their orientation distribution functions (ODFs). ODFs can be reconstructed using q-ball imaging (QBI) techniques and represented by spherical harmonics (SHs) to resolve intra-voxel fiber crossings. The registration is based on optimizing a diffeomorphic demons cost function. Unlike scalar images, deforming ODF maps requires ODF reorientation to maintain its consistency with the local fiber orientations. Our method simultaneously reorients the ODFs by computing a Wigner rotation matrix at each voxel, and applies it to the SH coefficients during registration. Rotation of the coefficients avoids the estimation of principal directions, which has no analytical solution and is time consuming. The proposed method was validated on both simulated and real data sets with various metrics, which include the distance between the estimated and simulated transformation fields, the standard deviation of the general fractional anisotropy and the directional consistency of the deformed and reference images. The registration performance using SHs with different maximum orders were compared using these metrics. Results show that the diffeomorphic registration improved the affine alignment, and registration using SHs with higher order SHs further improved the registration accuracy by reducing the shape difference and improving the directional consistency of the registered and reference ODF maps.     

Probing Defects and Spin-Phonon Coupling in CrSBr via Resonant Raman Scattering

Understanding the stability limitations and defect formation mechanisms in 2D magnets is essential for their utilization in spintronic and memory technologies. Here, defects in mono- to multilayer CrSBr are correlated with structural, vibrational, and magnetic properties. Resonant Raman scattering is used to reveal distinct vibrational defect signatures. In pristine CrSBr, it is shown that bromine atoms mediate vibrational interlayer coupling, allowing for distinguishing between surface and bulk defect modes. Environmental exposure is shown to cause drastic degradation in monolayers, with the formation of intralayer defects. This is in contrast to multilayers that predominantly show bromine surface defects. Through deliberate ion irradiation, the formation of defect modes is tuned: these are strongly polarized and resonantly enhanced, reflecting the quasi--1D electronic character of CrSBr. Strikingly, pronounced signatures of spin-phonon coupling of the intrinsic phonon modes and the ion beam-induced defect modes are observed throughout the magnetic transition temperature. Overall, defect engineering of magnetic properties is possible, with resonant Raman spectroscopy serving as a direct fingerprint of magnetic phases and defects in CrSBr.