Photoluminescent Arrays of Nanopatterned Monolayer MoS2

Monolayer 2D MoS₂ grown by chemical vapor deposition is nanopatterned into nanodots, nanorods, and hexagonal nanomesh using block copolymer (BCP) lithography. The detailed atomic structure and nanoscale geometry of the nanopatterned MoS₂ show features down to 4 nm with nonfaceted etching profiles defined by the BCP mask. Atomic resolution annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals the nanopatterned MoS₂ has minimal large‐scale crystalline defects and enables the edge density to be measured for each nanoscale pattern geometry. Photoluminescence spectroscopy of nanodots, nanorods, and nanomesh areas shows strain‐dependent spectral shifts up to 15 nm, as well as reduction in the PL efficiency as the edge density increases. Raman spectroscopy shows mode stiffening, confirming the release of strain when it is nanopatterned by BCP lithography. These results show that small nanodots (≈19 nm) of MoS₂ 2D monolayers still exhibit strong direct band gap photoluminescence (PL), but have PL quenching compared to pristine material from the edge states. This information provides important insights into the structure–PL property correlations of sub‐20 nm MoS₂ structures that have potential in future applications of 2D electronics, optoelectronics, and photonics.     

Computing approximate blocking probabilities for large lossnetworks with state-dependent routing

A reduced load approximation (also referred to as an Erlang fixed point approximation) for estimating point-to-point blocking probabilities in loss networks (e.g., circuit switched networks) with state-dependent routing is considered. In this approximation scheme, the idle capacity distribution for each link in the network is approximated, assuming that these distributions are independent from link to link. This leads to a set of nonlinear fixed-point equations which can be solved by repeated substitutions. The accuracy and the computational requirements of the approximation procedure for a particular routing scheme, namely least loaded routing, is examined. Numerical results for six-node and 36-node asymmetric networks are given. A novel reduced load approximation for multirate networks with state-dependent routing is also presented     

PV system sizing using observed time series of solar radiation

Sizing represents an important part of photovoltaic system design. This paper describes a sizing procedure based on the observed time series of solar radiation. Using a simple geometrical construction, the sizing curve is determined as a superposition of contributions from individual climatic cycles of low daily solar radiation. Unlike the traditional methods based on loss-of-load probability, the reliability of supply enters in this method through the length of the time series of data used in the analysis. The method thus resembles techniques used in other branches of engineering where extreme values are considered as functions of certain recurrence intervals.     

A Technique for Determining Solar Irradiance Deficits

A novel analytic technique, involving the use of computer-assisted data-reduction techniques, has been developed to determine the variation of solar irradiance from long-term averages. The objective of the study was to develop a tool that would enable solar system designers to assess and improve overall system reliability by determining the amount of backup and/or storage capability required to supplement a baseline system sized according to long-term averages. The technique allows the determination of variations for intervals of time up to 60 days. This paper presents results of the analysis of 13 sites in the continental USA. Cost-effective accommodation of solar irradiance deficits includes both increasing the collector area by about 15% to cover long-term year-to-year variations from the average, and adding energy storage or backup to cover short-term deficits such as those caused by local storms. Site-to-site dependency exists, causing a range of required short-term storage capacities of 1 to 7 no-sun days to accommodate the weather-caused deficits for this broad variety of sites.     

Distributed optical fibre Raman temperature sensor using a semiconductor light source and detector

The letter reports on the first experimental measurements of the temperature distribution along silica-based optical fibres using a semiconductor laser source and an avalanche photodiode detector. Previous results by the same authors demonstrated the first use of the Raman scattering technique, but used a less practical ion laser source and a photomultiplier detector.     

On the metabolism of prostaglandins by rat brain homogenate

Using radio-immuno assays for prostaglandins and prostaglandin metabolites, three prostaglandin metabolizing enzymes were found in the 100,000 X g supernatant of rat brain, 15-hydroxy-prostaglandin-dehydrogenase, delta13-reductase and prostaglandin E-9-keto-reductase. Specific activity of the latter enzyme was highest in striatum and midbrain and lowest in cortex, cerebellum and spinal cord.     

The role of attribution processes in conformity and dissent: Revisiting the Asch situation.

In an investigation of S. E. Asch's (1955) findings regarding the role of attribution processes in mediating conformity and dissent, 160 undergraduates listened to 24 pairs of tones and after each pair judged which tone was longer in duration. In a control condition, Ss simply wrote private judgments after hearing each pair of tones. As predicted, the majority's impact was minimal when differences in judgment could readily be attributed to corresponding differences in potential payoffs. The majority's influence increased when the only satisfactory explanation for disagreement demanded the postulation of differences between the "priorities" of the dissenter and those of the group. Conformity pressures became most intense when there was no satisfactory explanation and dissent could be attributed only to serious perceptual incapacity on the part of the dissenter or of the majority. (24 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

72-hr canine kidney preservation without continuous perfusion

A new flushing solution consisting of electrolytes and mannitol has provided successful 3 day canine kidney preservation evidenced by immediate life-supporting renal function. In our experiments the solutions described by Sacks and Collins have failed to achieve this prolonged renal storage but have been successful in storing canine kidneys for 2 days. This relatively simple new hypertonic solution does not require additives and has been successfully used in clinical renal transplantation.