High-efficiency ammonium polyphosphate intumescent encapsulated polypropylene flame retardant

The flame retardant polypropylene containing the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant, which encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate into melamine-formaldehyde resin and sodium silicate through in situ polymerization was prepared with polyamide 6, added as a carbon-forming agent. The composition of ammonium polyphosphate, encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with melamine-formaldehyde resin and the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant were characterized. The fire safety and thermal stability were investigated and showed an improvement including limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis, vertical burning tests, and microscale combustion calorimeter. The burned compounds were also studied to confirm the burning mechanism. The results showed the flame retardant performance had been greatly improved, while polyamide 6 had better char-forming effect. Besides, the water solubility of flame retardants and their influence on the mechanical properties of polypropylene were also investigated. The results on the effects of additives demonstrated a high efficiency flame retardant to polypropylene. A core-shell flame retardant that sodium silicate and melamine-formaldehyde resin-coated ammonium polyphosphate had been constructed. The effect of the built flame retardant system on the combustion performance of polypropylene was studied from the mechanism and performance. The LOI of the most flame retardant polypropylene reached 28.6%, and UL-94 reached the V-0 level.     

Effect of different surface treatments on polypropylene composites reinforced with yerba mate fibers: Physical,mechanical, chemical,and morphological properties

This study presents the preparation of post-consumer polypropylene (r-PP) composites filled with 30 wt% yerba mate (YM) stick particles. To improve the fiber–matrix adhesion, three surface treatments were performed: alkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and use of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) and maleic anhydride graft polypropylene copolymer (PP-g-MA) as coupling agents. Mechanical properties including tensile, flexural, and impact resistance were determined, and chemical (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FTIR]), physical (water absorption), and morphological analyses were performed. The main findings show that the treatments were efficient in improving the mechanical properties of the composites, with emphasis on the r-PP/YM30/APTS and r-PP/YM30/PP-g-MA composites, which proved to be superior in tensile, flexion and impact strength and absorption of water compared to the untreated composite. The morphological analysis showed a better interaction between the fiber and the polymeric matrix for the composites with YM/APTS and YM/PP-g-MA, which corroborates the results of tensile and flexural strength, as well as with the spectra of FTIR in which the chemical modification of the fibers is observed. However, the results show that these treatments are promising in obtaining composites with recycled matrix with better properties.     

反向工程中测量点云配准的新方法

在光学非接触三维测量中，复杂对象的重构需要多组测量数据的配准。为了获得好的配准结果，提出一种新的配准方法——直接误差分析配准方法。该方法基于一种新型的双目CCD光栅投影测量系统进行测量和分析。实验结果表明该测量方法的配准误差大约0．2mm左右．从而证实该方法的可行性。     

MODELLING OF P/M FORMING PROCESSES BY FEM

ＭＯＤＥＬＬＩＮＧＯＦＰ／ＭＦＯＲＭＩＮＧＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＥＳＢＹＦＥＭ￥Ｗｅｉ，Ｙｕａｎｐｉｎｇ；Ｒｕａｎ，Ｘｕｅｙｕ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰｌａｓｔｉｃｉｔｙＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＪｉａｏＴｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｓｈａｎｇ...     

基于特征模板的分组编程法

介绍了国内数控加工中存在的问题，结合广东省科委项目，提出了基于平面、曲面特征模板的分组加工编程法，并用实例验证了这种方法的正确性，极大地提高UG软件的加工编程效率，也解决了加工编程难以掌握的问题。     

中小型锆材设备焊接缺陷及工艺措施

近年来．在国内外一些化工、农药设备制造中．对锆及其合金的应用日渐增多。因为这类材料在耐蚀性和抗高温性能等方面有独特的优点（对某些介质中优于钛）。这类设备制造中应用的有工业纯锆及加有不同合金元素的锆合金。然而，由于它的价高稀少，及其特有的性能（人们对它的认识还不够透彻）所决定，在加工制造焊接等工艺过程中需采取一些严格措施，才能保证施工质量。下面结合近年来一些试验及工程实践，仅对中小型工业纯锆设备焊接缺陷及制造工艺的优化改进措施作一介绍。     

正向充液变薄拉深工艺的研究

提出了一种称为正向充液变薄拉深的工艺方法。从理论上推导出变薄成形传力区拉应力计算式，并采用软铝车削毛坯进行了正向充液变薄拉深试验。当液压达到了１２０ＭＰａ时，车削铝毛坯的极限变薄拉深系数由０．５减小到０．３，说明正向充液变薄拉深工艺能有效地提高一次变薄拉深成形极限。     

Microstructures of mechanically activated Ti-46at.% Al powders and spark plasma sintered ultrafine TiAl alloy

Powder of Ti-46at.%Al was synthesized through mechanical activation (MA) for different milling times, and the 16 h MAed powder was sintered by using a spark plasma sintering (SPS) process at different sintering temperatures. The XRD profiles showed that the MAed Ti-46at%Al powder for 12,16, and 20 h contained initial α-Ti and Al phases, and that the SPSed TiAl alloys contained the gamma TiAl and α2-Ti3Al phases. The TEM showed two different types of regions in the 16 h MAed Ti-46at.%Al powder. One type consisted of only Al with a grain size about 80 nm, and the other type a mixture of Al and Ti with a grain size of 30 nm. According to the optical micrographs of MA-SPSed samples, the alloys sintered at higher temperatures showed a coarser microstructure. In the case of the 1473 K sintering, typical duplex structures ((α2 + γ) lamella and γ phases) with interlamellar spacings of 50-400 nm and the grain size either less man 100 nm, or 1000 nm were observed.     

弯曲回弹逆解公式及其在焊管预弯机组设计中的应用

根据小曲率弯曲成形的特点，考虑了板料弯曲的纯弹性变形部分对回弹的影响，推导出根据板料强度、厚度和最终成形半径直接计算弯曲半径的回弹逆解公式，并应用于大口径UOE焊管预弯成形的设计上。根据计算公式给出了B-X100钢级板料UOE焊管预弯成形的预弯辊半径优化设计诺谟图。     

板料成形数值模拟的关键技术及难点

本文结合国内外板料成形数值模拟的最新研究动态，从关键算法、屈服函数、本构方程、有限元列式、接触问题、破裂准则、回弹计算、起皱分析八个方面叙述了板料成形有限元计算的关键技术及主要难点。