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B.M. Naveena A.R. Sen M. Muthukumar S. Vaithiyanathan Y. Babji 《Journal of food science》2006,71(9):S603-S608
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adding 3.3% sodium lactate (SL), 0.25% calcium lactate (CL), and 1.65% SL along with 0.125% CL (SL+CL) on the physicochemical properties, cooking characteristics, and microbiological quality of microwave-cooked chicken patties compared to control (no added lactates). The addition of lactates did not affect the proximate composition of cooked chicken patties. The pH of CL- or SL+CL-containing patties was significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced compared to control or SL patties. The SL-containing patties had lower ( P < 0.05) a w values compared to control or CL patties. The CL- or SL+CL-containing patties had lower denatured myoglobin and higher ( P < 0.05) cooking yield, surface redness (CIE a *), and chroma values. However, addition of CL alone resulted in higher total expressible fluid, indicating lower water-holding capacity. The CL-containing patties exhibited lower Warner–Bratzler shear force values and higher ( P < 0.05) penetrometer reading compared to the SL-containing patties, indicating soft texture. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values were significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced in all lactate-containing patties compared to control up to the 7th day of refrigerated storage under aerobic conditions. No difference ( P > 0.05) was observed in aerobic plate counts between control and lactate-added patties during 28-d storage. 相似文献
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Anthony L. Andrady Carlos M. Nunez Bor‐Sen Chiou Saad A. Khan 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2002,42(11):2065-2071
The solution rheology of different generations of hyperbranched polyesters in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent was examined in this study. The solutions exhibited Newtonian behavior over a wide range of polyester concentrations. Also, the relative viscosities of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers in ethylenediamine were compared with those of the hyperbranched polyesters in NMP. Both types of dendritic polymers have relative viscosities that are exponential functions of their molar fraction in solution. The slopes of these relative viscosity curves show a linear relationship with respect to the generation number. PAMAM dendrimers have the greater slopes for each generation, reflecting their relatively larger intrinsic viscosity values. 相似文献
26.
Sen Gupta A. Hanjura A.K. Mathur B.S. 《Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers》1991,79(7):973-982
The authors discuss the advantages of broadcasting time from a satellite over the more traditional ground based methods such as short wave and low frequency standard time and frequency broadcasts. The authors describe several one way satellite time services currently operational and discuss, in particular, a broadcast service using the Indian domestic satellite INSAT. The signal format, transmitting and receiving setups, and the methods for satellite position prediction are described in detail for the INSAT broadcast. Some typical results of time and frequency calibration are also discussed 相似文献
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The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures with hafnium oxide as the gate dielectric film were studied. Sharp shifts from a low-voltage ohmic regime to a tunneling conduction were observed in the high-voltage range. The paper demonstrates that this behavior can be described very well with a double-layer dielectric model. Excellent fittings of the experimental curves were obtained and the related key structural and physical parameters were obtained. The model fitting further suggests the optimal annealing conditions for preparing the hafnium oxide films. 相似文献
28.
Debasmita Das Purabi Rani Samaddar Pratik Kumar Sen Kaushik Das 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2008,38(6):743-749
Galvanostatic steady state current potential measurements were carried out for oxidation of a series of aliphatic alcohols
having varying number of hydroxyl groups. The anodically deposited layer of MnO2 on platinum was used as the electrode material. The deposit was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy
dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and electrode potential measurements. The catalytic role of MnO2 in the electro-oxidation of alcohols was indicated by the chronopotentiograms and the cyclic voltammograms. An analysis of
the electrochemical data indicated a catalytic EC mechanism in which Mn (V) is generated electrochemically and consumed chemically
in succession. Based on this and the hydrogen bonding interaction between alcoholic hydroxyl groups and MnO2 layer, a mechanism was proposed which accounts for the variation in the observed electrochemical reaction orders. Tafel behaviour
was found to be followed only approximately. Current efficiency of the electrochemical oxidation of polyols was studied. Replacement
of platinum by carbon as current collector was found to leave the electrocatalytic activity of the MnO2 deposit practically unaltered. 相似文献
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S. Sen 《Journal of Fusion Energy》2007,26(1-2):179-183
A novel technique is proposed for creating transport barriers by the rf waves. This is that the transport barriers can be
created by the rf induced ponderomotive force itself and no rf induced flow shear generation is necessary. It is demonstrated that the ponderomotive force of the rf waves can stabilize
the ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode, considered nowadays as the dominant source of anomalous energy losses in the low
confinement (L) mode. It is also shown that this stabilization can be achieved for rather modest values of the rf power and
hence should be easily obtained in actual experiments.
相似文献