Marginal neutrophil pool size in normal subjects and neutropenic patients as measured by epinephrine infusion

The marginal granulocyte pool (MGP) was measured by epinephrine infusion in normal and neutropenic subjects. Neutrophil response curves to doses of 0.025 to 0.3 mg. in three normal subjects indicated that maximal neutrophil response was achieved by 0.1 mg. In 21 normal subjects, absolute neutrophils increased from 700 to 3,100 per microliter. The percentage increase ranged from 18 to 107 per cent of baseline. The per cent increase tended to be greater with low-normal baseline neutrophils than with high-normal neutrophils, although this relationship was not observed when increase was determined in absolute values. In neutropenic patients mean per cent increase of neutrophils was greater than observed in normal subjects, 121 vs. 50 per cent. Although the increase expressed in absolute neutrophil numbers was less in subjects with lower baseline neutrophil concentrations, there was an inverse correlation between the baseline neutrophil concentrations, there was an inverse correlation between the baseline neutrophils and the per cent increment following epinephrine. Mean increase was 200 per cent in patients with less than 200 neutrophils per microliter, compared with 61 per cent in patients with 1,000 to 1,500 neutrophils per microliter. These results indicate that circulating granulocyte pool (CGP) size may be misleading with respect to total blood neutrophils and in a sense confirm the concept of shift neutropenia, a decreased CGP and MGP as neutropenia becomes more profound suggests that shift neutropenia may be a normal physiologic methanism rather than a distinct neutropenic syndrome.     

Effects of school-based aerobic exercise on blood pressure in adolescent girls at risk for hypertension

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate 1. the extent of weight gain by high school wrestlers between an evening weigh-in and the first round of wrestling the next morning and 2. the relationship between weight gain and wrestling success. METHODS: Body weights of competitors (N = 260) in a high school wrestling tournament were recorded at official weigh-in and again, about 12 h later, immediately before the first round of wrestling. Data for the heavyweight class was excluded. Weight gain (WG in kg), relative weight gain (RWG in %), and weight discrepancy between opponents (WD in kg) were calculated from data obtained at the weighings. The mean WG for all wrestlers was 1.3 kg +/- 1.1 with a range of -2.0 kg to +4.4 kg. This corresponds to RWG of 2.2 +/- 1.7% body weight. RESULTS: WG in the lower weight classes was statistically larger than that seen in the highest weight classes (P < 0.05). The smallest RWG was seen in the 189-lb. class (1.1 +/- 1.9%), and the largest RWG was seen in the 112-lb. class (3.0 +/- 2.1%). Average WD between competitors was 1.7 +/- 1.5 kg (range 0-7.5 kg.). Average WD was largest in the two heaviest classes. Average WG was 1.5 +/- 1.1 kg for winners and 1.2 +/- 1.0 kg for losers. RWG was 2.4 +/- 1.8% for winners and 1.9 +/- 1.6% for losers. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in WG and RWG between winners and losers was significant (P < 0.05). In 74 of the 130 bouts (57%), the heavier wrestler was successful (NS).     

Effect of modified and unmodified tapioca starches on 59Fe retention in rats

The effects of a chemically-modified tapioca starch hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (HDP), and unmodified tapioca starch (UMS) on 59Fe retention by rats were compared. Three experimental variables were evaluated: 1) the type of starch in the diet, 2) cooking of either the starch alone or the entire diet, and 3) the iron status of the rats. There were no significant differences in 59Re retention between iron-adequate rats fed either UMS or HDP. 59Fe retention by iron-deficient rats was not affected by the type of starch in the diet when uncooked starch was used. However, if the starch was cooked, substitution of HDP for UMS resulted in a significant depression in iron retention by iron-deficient rats. Cooking the entire diet produced a similar but less marked effect. The results of these experiments suggest that the inclusion of one particular type of modified tapioca starch in the diet may affect iron utilization.     

Model for the recall of dreams upon waking, proposed to account for impairment of memory of dreams]

To study the carbohydrate metabolism in uremic patients, the intravenous glucose tolerance test (iv GTT) and insulin sensitivity test were investigated on 69 patients with chronic renal failure, 27 of whom were under the dialysis treatment. 1) Abnormal K-values averaging 1.05 were obtained in uremic patients (creatinine clearance less than 20 ml/min). 2) Carbohydrate intolerance in uremic patients was corrected with regular dialysis and the improvement was correlated with the duration of dialyses. 3) The mechanisms of improvement in carbohydrate metabolism were different between the short-term dialysis group (less than 12 months of dialysis) and the long-term group (more than 12 months). Enhanced secretion of insulin seemed to be the main cause of this improvement in the former, while the correction of impaired sensitivity to insulin in peripheral tissues in the latter.     

The genetics of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase in Drosophila melanogaster

A survey of 29 laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster for glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) variation revealed that the Got-1 locus was polymorphic in three stocks recently collected from nature. The Got-1 locus was fixed for the same allozyme in the remaining 26 laboratory populations. Testcross matings to multiply marked stocks established that Got-1 is located at 4.8 centimorgans on chromosome 2.