A case of congenital tricuspid regurgitation associated with atrial septal defect and peripheral pulmonary stenosis

This report describes a 5-year-old girl with congenital tricuspid regurgitation associated with an atrial septal defect and peripheral pulmonary stenosis. The girl was diagnosed with the heart murmur at birth and recently developed the cardiomegaly. Cardiac echocardiography and catheterization showed severe tricuspid regurgitation, an atrial septal defect of the secundum type and peripheral pulmonary stenosis. In the operative findings, the tricuspid annulus was dilated to 33 mm in diameter, and leaflets were attached normally to the antomic annulus. There was a large cleft of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve. Suture of the cleft and annuloplasty of the tricuspid valve, suture closure of the atrial septal defect and patch dilatation of peripheral pulmonary stenosis were successfully performed. Including this case, 19 other cases with congenital tricuspid regurgitation undergoing surgery were reported to date.     

Intussusception caused by a carcinoma of the cecum during pregnancy: report of a case and review of the literature

Respiratory infections are the most common infection in children. They differ remarkably according to age, bacteria and viruses. Therefore a careful history of outbreak, age, former infections, involvement of surroundings, symptoms, etc are essential. The present study included 50 children, aged between 0.3 and 12 yrs, all treated ambulatorily. 21 received brodimoprim (B) and 29 erythromycin (E). Indications were: tonsillitis, bronchitis, otitis media, sinusitis and scarlet fever. Dosages were: B was given 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) initially followed by 5 mg/kg b.w., once-a-day. The duration of treatment varied between 4 and 14 days (mean 8.3 days). E was given 30.50 mg/kg b.w. 3 times per day; duration 4 to 14 days (mean 8.6 days). Overall results were: in group B:12 cures, 5 improvements, 3 failures; 1 not assessable. In group E: 20 cures, 8 improvements, 1 failure. Side effects: in group B: vomiting (1), skin reaction (2), discontinuation (2); in group E: skin reaction (1), diarrhea (5), diarrhea+vomiting (1); discontinuation (2). The differences in efficacy and tolerability in the two groups are not statistically significant. The improved compliance with a single versus t.i.d. dosages has to be taken into account.     

Saturated liquid viscosities and densities of environmentally acceptable hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)

Measurements of saturated liquid viscosities and densities were performed on environmentally acceptable hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), CH₃CCl₂F (HCFC-141b), CH₃CClF₂ (HCFC-142b; only for viscosity), CF₃CF₂CHCl₂ (HCFC-225ca), and CClF₂CF₂CHClF (HCFC-225cb), using a capillary viscometer and a glass pycnometer in the temperature range from 273 to 353 K. The uncertainty in the measurement of viscosity is estimated to be 5% based on the comparison of the present data with those in the literature for HCFC-141b. An equation is given to represent our saturated liquid viscosity data as a function of temperature.     

Solution structure of bromelain inhibitor IV from pineapple stem: structural similarity with Bowman-Birk trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitor from soybean

Bromelain inhibitor VI from pineapple stem (BI-VI) is a unique double-chain inhibitor with an 11-residue light chain and a 41-residue heavy chain by disulfide bonds and inhibits the cysteine proteinase bromelain competitively. The structure of BI-VI in aqueous solution was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and simulated annealing-based calculations. Its three-dimensional structure was shown to be composed of two distinct domains, each of which is formed by a three-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet. Unexpectedly, BI-VI was found to share a similar folding and disulfide bond connectivities not with cystatin superfamily inhibitors which inhibit the same cysteine proteinases but with the Bowman-Birk trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitor from soybean (BBI-I). BBI-I is a 71-residue inhibitor which has two independent inhibitory sites toward the serine proteinases trypsin and chymotrypsin. These structural similarities with BBI-I suggest that they have evolved from a common ancestor and differentiated in function during a course of molecular evolution.     

Effect of polyurethane surface chemistry on its lipid sorption behavior

The relationships among surface, bulk properties and lipid sorption behaviors of segmented polyurethanes (SPUs) with various polyol soft segments were investigated. The polyols used in this study were poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO), and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The hard segment of these segmented polyurethanes was composed of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol, present at 50 wt%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) and dynamic contact angle measurements were carried out in order to analyze the surface chemical structure in the air- and water-equilibrated states. XPS revealed that in the air-equilibrated state, lower surface free energy components were enriched at the air-solid interface, whereas in the water-equilibrated state, higher surface free energy components were enriched at the water-solid interface. The change in environment from air to water induced the surface reorganization in order to minimize interfacial free energy. Lipid sorption behaviors of SPUs were investigated by means of infrared spectroscopy. Even after extensive rinsing of the surface, the amount of lipid present on the SPU surface was more than that calculated on the assumption that a monolayer covers the SPU surface. Therefore, the lipid was not only adsorbed on the surface of SPU but absorbed into SPU. The SPU with hydrophilic PEO sorbed larger amount of phospholipid compared with that with hydrophobic polyol such as PTMO and PDMS. Also, the competitive sorption behaviors of phospholipid and cholesterol from their mixed liposome solution were studied. The ratio of sorbed cholesterol to phospholipid increased with an increase in surface hydrophobicity owing to the hydrophobic nature of cholesterol.     

A 13-week subchronic toxicity study of josamycin in F344 rats

A 13-week subchronic toxicity study of josamycin was performed in male and female F344 rats to determine the maximum tolerable dose (MTD) for subsequent investigation of the carcinogenicity. As animals refused to take diet containing 5.0% josamycin in our preliminary study, dose levels in the present study were determined as 0, 0.16, 0.32, 0.63, 125 and 2.5% in diet. Rats were randomly allocated to 6 groups, each consisting of 10 males and 10 females. No animal died during the administration period and no group showed significant changes in body weight gain. Definite toxicity of josamycin was not noted in hematological and serum biochemical examinations. Histopathological examinations revealed no particular findings related to josamycin administration except cecal enlargement in the 1.25 and 2.5% groups. based on the results of the present study, it was concluded that the MTD of josamycin in 2.5% in diet, because the dietary dose level of 2.5% proved to exert no significant toxicological signs.     

Development of 170 GHz/500 kW gyrotron

A development of 170GHz/500kW level gyrotron was carried out as R&D work of ITER. The oscillation mode is TE_31,8. In a short pulse experiment, the maximum power of 750kW was achieved at 85kV/40A. The efficiency was 22%. In the depressed collector operation, 500kW/36%/50ms was obtained. The maximum efficiency of 40% was obtained at P_RF=470kW whereas the power decrease by the electron trapping was observed. Pulse extension was done up to 10s at P_RF=170kW with the depressed collector operation. The power was limited by the temperature increase of the output window.     

An ESR study of the film formation steps of vapor deposition polymerization of polyamic acid

A film of polyamic acid is formed by vapor deposition polymerization of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA). We have taken ESR spectrum during the polymerization process and compared it with the ESR spectrum of films obtained from solution polymerization. In the intermediate polymers during vapor deposition polymerization, the amide bond (? CONH? ) is coplanar with the benzene ring and two protons in the PMDA molecule. This intermediate polymer has one unpaired electron that interacts with the two nitrogen nuclei equally. On the other hand, in the polymer obtained by solution polymerization, the amide bond and the benzene ring of PMDA are not coplanar. In this polymer, too, some of the molecules have an unpaired electron that seems to have almost no coupling with NH groups. These results imply that the polymer formation via vapor deposition proceeds through different intermediates and different molecular configurations from that via the solution process.