Thermodynamik der Reduktion von MnO aus Hochofenschlacke im System Metall–Schlacke

Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung der Kinetik der Einstellung des Gleichgewichtes zwischen MnO in der Hochofenschlacke und dem Mangangehalt im kohlenstoffgesättigten Roheisen. Ermittlung der Gleichgewichtsverteilung des Mangans zwischen CaO-MgO-MnO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Schlacken und kohlenstoffgesättigtem Roheisen bei 1673, 1723 und 1773 K. Berechnung der Aktivität des MnO in der Schlacke.     

Analyses of atomization processes

Atomized fluid fuels can be mixtures of combustible components (solid, liquid, gas). Disintegration of any fluid fuel occurs due to some phenomena such as turbulence, aerodynamic interaction, microexplosion. There is an equilibrium droplet diameter for each phenomenon. Complex atomization processes consist of these component phenomena and the final droplet diameter equals the minimum diameter. This reasoning facilitates the organization of the calculation of the final droplet diameter and the discussion of the course of the atomization process.     

Proteinous amino acids in muscle cytosol of rats' heart, after their treatment with propranolol, pentylenetetrazol or reserpine

Tissue levels of nineteen amino acids and total free amino acids, were assayed by gas-liquid chromatography in cytosols of rat atrial and ventricular muscle cardiomyocytes. The tissues were assayed after the rats had been administered IP with the three cardioactive drugs, exerting a significant effect on their heart action: propranolol, pentylenetetrazol and reserpine. It was demonstrated that while in the atrial and ventricular cardiac muscle cytosols of control rats, arginine, glutamine and cysteine were detected in high levels (35.1% and 17.6%; 14.8% and 51.6%; 9.9% and 0.25% of the total free amino acids, respectively), all three drugs significantly reduced the total amounts of cytosolic free amino acids in both atrial and ventricular heart muscles. All three drugs (with reserpine in particular) modified the levels of arginine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, isoleucine and tyrosine. The role of these amino acids in the heart muscle cytosol, and their involvement in the mechanism of action of these three cardioactive drugs, is discussed.     

Probing the interaction of benzo[a]pyrene adducts and metabolites with monoclonal antibodies using fluorescence line-narrowing spectroscopy

A new approach for studying antibody-antigen interactions of DNA adducts and metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is demonstrated in which fluorescence line-narrowing spectroscopy (FLNS) is used. It is based on the fact that in an FLN spectrum the relative intensities of the line-narrowed bands (that correspond to the excited-state vibrations) are, in general, strongly dependent on the local environment of the fluorophore. Information on the nature of the interactions can be obtained by comparing the FLN spectra of the antigen-antibody complexes to the spectra of the antigen in different types of solvents (H-bonding, aprotic, and pi-electron-containing solvent molecules) recorded under the same conditions. The antigens used were the DNA adduct 7-(benzo[a]pyren-6-yl)guanine (BP-6-N7Gua) and the metabolite (+)-trans-anti-7,8,9,10-benzo[a]pyrenetetrol (BP-tetrol) of benzo[a]pyrene; two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been developed to selectively bind these compounds. It is shown that, for BP-tetrol, H-bonding solvents have a pronounced effect on the FLN spectra. The presence of pi electrons in the solvent molecules results in relatively small but still significant changes in the spectra. When BP-tetrol is bound to its MAb, however, neither of these effects is observed; its spectrum is very similar to the one obtained with an aprotic solvent, methylcyclohexane. Therefore, we can conclude that this MAb has an internal binding site in which the interaction with BP-tetrol is of a hydrophobic character. For BP-6-N7Gua, however, there is a strong effect of the presence of pi electrons in the solvent molecules. The FLN spectrum of this antigen bound to its MAb is very similar to its spectrum in acetone, indicating that pi-pi interactions play an important role in the binding.     

Rekonstruktion des Baudenkmals “Das grüne Tor” in Danzig nach einem Teil einsturz

Rehabilitation of the structure of the “Green Gate” in Gdansk. The Green Gate is a historical building dating back to the 16th century. Its support‐based design consists of brick walls and pillars that are based on a timber beam grillage foundation supported by wooden piles. Out of the five over‐ground storeys, three are accommodated under a steep roof of timber and reinforced concrete structure and covered with tiles. Through the centuries of its existence the building was frequently rebuilt and redeveloped. The state of affairs before the incident of January 2002 dated back to the 50's of the 20th century. It was then that the building was rebuild after the damages it had suffered during the 2^nd World War. The incident resulted in a damage to the internal independent stone pillar along with the brick vault that it supported. The article mentions the reasons behind the incident that took place and the way the damaged part of the building was rebuilt. The study also offers general outline of the reconstruction concept for the whole building, with particular stress on the supporting structure of the vaults and the ceilings of the roof and of individual storeys.     

Structure,Properties, and Crystallization of Mg-Cu-Y-Zn Bulk Metallic Glasses

The Mg₆₀Cu₃₀Y₁₀ and Mg₆₅Cu₂₀Y₁₀Zn₅ bulk metallic glasses in the form of a rod 2 mm in diameter were successfully prepared by the conventional Cu-mold casting method. The addition of Zn caused the decrease in the crystallization and melting temperatures in comparison with the Mg₆₀Cu₃₀Y₁₀ alloy. The crystallization and melting temperatures are crucial factors that influence the casting process. An increase in annealing temperature leads to structural changes by the formation of the crystalline phases and lowers the compressive strength. These results obtained for the Mg-based bulk metallic glasses (Mg-BMGs) are important for some practical reasons, in particular, for developing the fabrication process. It has been shown that minor addition of an alloying element can change glass-forming ability and strength of the Mg-BMGs.     

Study on the electrodialytic nickel concentration from electroplating industry waste

ABSTRACT

Owing to the ability of electrodialysis to produce highly concentrated solutions from dilute stream, in this paper, the possibility of nickel recovery and concentration from real electroplating industrial waste was discussed. The results showed that the nickel content in solutions after electrodialysis was approximately two times higher than in the initial working solutions, and the nickel recovery exceeded 85%. The nickel electric current efficiency (CE_Ni) depended upon the type of electroplating bath and its acidic behaviour. The CE_Ni was in the range of 52.3–70.6%. Moreover, high boron and the total organic carbon retention coefficients equal to 88.92% and 93.93% respectively, were observed.     

A decision-making module for aiding ship system automation design: A knowledge-based approach

The use of elements of artificial intelligence, including knowledge-based systems, becomes more and more widespread in aiding design problem solutions. The authors have been working on problems of control systems for many years. A design process involves many decision problems connected with, for example, a choice of a subsystem structure, subunits or particular elements selection. Because of such regards, it was decided to extend knowledge-based system with a module for support of such decision making.In this paper, an elaborated module for decision-making support is considered. The basic theoretical assumptions concerning the accepted method of multiattribute decision making based on pairwise comparison in categories of hierarchical decision process (AHP) is presented. Accepted knowledge representation in AHP method and pairwise comparison method and methods of expert knowledge acquisition are discussed. The module functioning is illustrated by an example of choice of temperature sensors in a system of fuel transport to Diesel engine of a main propulsion unit of a ship.