全文获取类型
收费全文 | 137783篇 |
免费 | 7353篇 |
国内免费 | 4697篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 5711篇 |
综合类 | 8455篇 |
化学工业 | 18345篇 |
金属工艺 | 8532篇 |
机械仪表 | 6846篇 |
建筑科学 | 5947篇 |
矿业工程 | 3180篇 |
能源动力 | 2654篇 |
轻工业 | 9617篇 |
水利工程 | 2950篇 |
石油天然气 | 2459篇 |
武器工业 | 968篇 |
无线电 | 14460篇 |
一般工业技术 | 20602篇 |
冶金工业 | 4881篇 |
原子能技术 | 1218篇 |
自动化技术 | 33008篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 332篇 |
2023年 | 976篇 |
2022年 | 2217篇 |
2021年 | 2754篇 |
2020年 | 1995篇 |
2019年 | 1330篇 |
2018年 | 15976篇 |
2017年 | 15112篇 |
2016年 | 11413篇 |
2015年 | 2992篇 |
2014年 | 3334篇 |
2013年 | 3869篇 |
2012年 | 7710篇 |
2011年 | 13996篇 |
2010年 | 12802篇 |
2009年 | 9849篇 |
2008年 | 11232篇 |
2007年 | 12076篇 |
2006年 | 3733篇 |
2005年 | 4201篇 |
2004年 | 3405篇 |
2003年 | 2660篇 |
2002年 | 1827篇 |
2001年 | 1306篇 |
2000年 | 1080篇 |
1999年 | 386篇 |
1998年 | 127篇 |
1997年 | 81篇 |
1996年 | 88篇 |
1995年 | 60篇 |
1994年 | 49篇 |
1993年 | 36篇 |
1992年 | 33篇 |
1991年 | 44篇 |
1989年 | 22篇 |
1988年 | 19篇 |
1969年 | 24篇 |
1968年 | 43篇 |
1967年 | 35篇 |
1966年 | 44篇 |
1965年 | 46篇 |
1963年 | 28篇 |
1962年 | 22篇 |
1960年 | 30篇 |
1959年 | 45篇 |
1958年 | 37篇 |
1957年 | 36篇 |
1956年 | 34篇 |
1955年 | 63篇 |
1954年 | 68篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
151.
Cloning of observables, unlike standard cloning of states, aims at copying the information encoded in the statistics of a
class of observables rather then on quantum states themselves. In such a process the emphasis is on the quantum operation
(evolution plus measurement) necessary to retrieve the original information. We analyze, for qubit systems, the cloning of
a class generated by two noncommuting observables, elucidating the relationship between such a process and joint measurements.
This helps in establishing an optimality criterion for cloning of observables. We see that, even if the cloning machine is
designed to act on the whole class generated by two noncommuting observables, the same optimal performances of a joint measurement
can be attained. Finally, the connection with state dependent cloning is enlightened. 相似文献
152.
153.
Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel beschreibt einige Erfahrungen und typische Problemstellungen mit Textmining in der Medizin und gibt einen Einblick
in aktuelle und zukünftige Herausforderungen in Forschung & Entwicklung. Interessant ist n?mlich, dass auch im ,,Multimedia-Zeitalter“
die meiste Information immer noch als ,,Text“ vorliegt. Mithilfe von statistischen und linguistischen Verfahren wird mit sogenannter
,,Textmining-Software“ versucht, aus Freitexten Information ,,heraus zu schürfen“ (deshalb ,,Textmining“). Allerdings ist
es damit noch nicht genug. Der n?chste Schritt besteht darin, die Information sowohl nutzbar als auch brauchbar zu machen.
Die jeweiligen End-Benutzerinnen und End-Benutzer müssen in die Lage versetzt werden, auf der Basis der gewonnenen Information
deren Wissen zu erweitern. In unserem konkreten Fall sollen damit Entscheidungen im Rahmen ?rztlichen Handelns unterstützt
werden. Probleml?sungen in diesem Bereich erfordern eine holistische Sicht- und Herangehensweise. Daher wird es immer wichtiger,
Erkenntnisse aus Informatik und Psychologie zusammenflie?en zu lassen und auf systemischer Ebene technologisch umzusetzen. 相似文献
154.
目前油气田在用的燃气轮机系统实际运行指标(热效率及火用效率)与设计数值相差很大,使燃气轮机系统的性能未能得到充分发挥,达不到预期的经济效益,限制了燃气轮机在油气田的进一步推广。为此,对油气田在用燃气轮机的运行特性进行分析,其主要问题是余热锅炉运行时间短、负荷率低。根据燃气轮机热电联产系统特点,给出了热力学分析(能量平衡分析和火用分析)方法、评价准则及计算公式。利用实测运行参数,对一油气田在用燃气轮机系统进行了运行工况下的热力学分析。测算分析结果表明,该系统运行效率偏离设计值较远,运行效率较低。在各子系统的能量损失分布中,余热锅炉能损系数最大;火用损分布中,燃烧室火用损系数最大,其次为余热锅炉,表明燃气轮机的燃烧室和余热锅炉为系统能量利用的薄弱环节,为重点改造对象。建议扩大集中供热范围、采用余热发电和循环蒸气回注等提高运行效率的措施。 相似文献
155.
Junwei Fu Zhengbiao Zhang Zhenping Cheng Jian Zhu Wei Zhang Xiulin Zhu 《Polymer Bulletin》2008,61(3):287-297
A novel reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) reagent bearing triphenylamine (TPA)
group, 4-diphenylamino-dithiobenzoic acid benzyl ester (DDABE), was designed and synthesized. It was used
in the RAFT polymerizations of styrene (St) and methyl acrylate (MA) to prepare end-functionalized polymers.
The results of the polymerization showed that the RAFT polymerizations could be well controlled using DDABE
as the RAFT agent. Number-average molecular weight (Mn,GPC) increased linearly
with monomer conversion, and molecular weight distributions were relatively narrow (PDI<
1.50). The results of chain-extension reaction, 1H NMR spectra and UV/Vis
spectra confirmed that most of the polymers chains were end-capped by the functional triphenylamine
(TPA) groups. The effect of feed molar ratios of St/DDABE/AIBN on polymerization was investigated. 相似文献
156.
The cellulose solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate (TBAF) was
successfully applied as reaction medium for the synthesis of allyl cellulose by conversion of the polymer
with allyl chloride in the presence of solid NaOH. Samples with degree of substitution from 0.50 to 2.98
were accessible by varying the molar ratio anhydroglucose unit:allyl chloride:NaOH and reaction time. DMSO/TBAF
was found to be an efficient reaction medium for the preparation of highly functionalized samples from spruce
sulfite pulp with degree of polymerization of about 500 even in a scale of 50 g. The allyl cellulose samples
were characterized by means of FTIR- and NMR spectroscopy. Size exclusion chromatography revealed negligible
polymer degradation during synthesis and purification of the samples. 相似文献
157.
Vanesa Rodríguez-Amor Juan P. Fernández-Blázquez Antonio Bello Ernesto Pérez María L. Cerrada 《Polymer Bulletin》2008,60(1):89-96
Summary The effect of molecular weight on the uniaxial orientation process has been analyzed in two samples of thermotropic poly(diethylene
glycol p,p′-bibenzoate), evaluating the influence of that parameter on the type of orientation obtained. Several strain rates and deformation
temperatures have been tested in order to map out the conditions for obtaining the two different kinds of orientation. The
results show that in the lower molecular weight PDEB sample (Mw=31200) it is rather easy to get exclusively perpendicular “anomalous” orientation, with the molecular axes aligned transversely
to the stretching direction. However, it is extremely difficult to obtain 100% parallel “normal” orientation. On the contrary,
either type of orientation or a mixture of them can be easily developed for the higher molecular weight PDEB sample (Mw=102900). 相似文献
158.
Qingzhao Yao Yuming Zhou Yanqing Sun Xiaoyun Ye 《Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials》2008,18(4):477-484
TiO2 hybrid molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) for ethofumesate using methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer and silane
coupling agent 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylmethacrylate (KH570) as organic–inorganic connective bridge was synthesized via photo-excitation
method. Hydrogen bond was proved to act between MAA and ethofumesate for pre- and post-polymerization binding properties as
testified by UV spectrometric method. KH570 modified TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared via sonochemical reaction, which can accelerate hydrolysis, increase collision chance for the
reactive system and improve the dispersion of the nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron
microscope (TEM), binding and the adsorption kinetics experiments as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed
for characterization. The results indicated that the hybrid MIP revealed a larger surface area and more ordered imprinting
cavities with improved thermal stability compared to organic-only MIP. Furthermore, faster adsorption kinetics and enhancive
adsorption capacity were achieved, which made it promising in chemical sensor applications. 相似文献
159.
Muhammad Maqbool Hugh H. Richardson Martin E. Kordesch 《Journal of Materials Science》2007,42(14):5657-5660
Thin films of Praseodymium doped AlN are deposited on silicon (111) substrates at 77 K and 950 K by rf magnetron sputtering
method. About 500–1000 nm thick films are grown at 100–200 watts RF power and 5–8 mTorr nitrogen, using a metal target of
Al with Pr. X-rays diffraction results show that films deposited at 77 K are amorphous and those deposited at 950 K are crystalline.
Cathodoluminescence studies are performed at room temperature and luminescence peaks are observed in a wide range from ultraviolet
to infrared region. The most intense peak is obtained in green at 526 nm from amorphous films as a result from 3P1→3H5 transition. In crystalline films the intense peak was obtain in red at 648 nm as a result from 3P0→3F2 transition. Films are thermally activated at 1300 K for half an hour in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thermal activation enhances
the intensity of luminescence. Two peaks at 488 nm and 505 nm merged after thermal activation, giving rise to a single peak
at 495 nm. 相似文献
160.
以十二烷基磺酸钠为模板剂、乙二胺为碱性介质,将水热法合成的氧化铁/十二烷基磺酸钠复合中孔材料在550℃、空气气氛中煅烧10h,除去模板剂,得到介孔氧化铁。通过X射线衍射、氮气吸附-脱附方法对介孔氧化铁的晶体结构和表面物性进行表征。表征结果显示,煅烧后的介孔氧化铁具有典型的六方介孔的结构特征,平均孔径为5.4nm。将介孔氧化铁用于催化正辛醇乙氧基化反应,研究结果表明,升高反应温度和初始压力、增加催化剂用量,可加快环氧乙烷的反应速率,同时产物的相对分子质量分布较窄。当平均聚合度为6.5时,正辛醇聚氧乙烯醚相对分子质量分布的选择性系数达到21.1。 相似文献