Time Course of Regular and Irregular Pronunciations

In the past few years, there has been a great deal of discussion over the necessity of two processes instead of a single process to account for both regular and irregular forms. We describe some counter-intuitive naming data (the less frequent pronunciation has a shorter mean latency than the more frequent pronunciation) that cannot be accounted for by Seidenberg & McClelland who use a single measure (the phonological error score) to index both response likelihood and response time. We present two possible scenarios in which feed-forward networks could account for the data, one based on the variance of the distribution of the phonological error scores and the other based on the time course of activation. In this study, we examine the second possibility in a series of simulations using three different feed-forward networks, but find no evidence that feed-forward networks can account for the counter-intuitive data.     

TOPS: AN INTELLIGENT ASSOCIATE FOR TURNING OPERATION PLANNING

This article describes the development of a new modeling environment that supports the building of intelligent associates for turning operation planning. By intelligent associates, we mean a computer-based system that allows a process planner to assert a greater degree of control during a consultation than do traditional expert systems. Intelligent associates are able to assist process planners in a colleague-like manner while solving domain tasks. They relieve routine operations while supporting creative problem-solving. Multiple levels of human experience are supported, advising and constraining inexperienced planners while providing a flexible environment for experienced planners working on new planning strategies. Several Al-based techniques have been employed in the development of this new modeling environment. The utility of this environment is demonstrated by developing a turning operation planning intelligent associate (TOPS). TOPS assists a process planner by computing interactions and checking for consistency among the various attributes of a lathe machine-operation planning problem and searching databases for machines, tool holders, and inserts.     

Work-based performance measurement and analysis of virtual heterogeneous machines

Presented here is a set of methods and tools developed to provide transportable measurements of performance in heterogeneous networks of machines operating together as a single virtual heterogeneous machine (VHM). The methods are work-based rather than time-based, and yield significant analytic information. A technique for normalizing the measure of useful work performed across a heterogeneous network is proposed and the reasons for using a normalized measure are explored. It is shown that work-based performance measures are better than time-based ones because they may be (1) taken while a task is currently executing on a machine; (2) taken without interrupting production operation of the machine network; (3) used to compare disparate tasks, and (4) used to perform second-order analysis of machine network operation. This set of performance tools has been used to monitor the utilization of high-performance computing networks, provide feedback on algorithm design and determine the veracity of computing performance models.     

Seasat SAR identification of dry climate urban land cover †

Abstract

Digitally processed Seasat SAR imagery of the Denver Colorado area was examined to assess its potential for mapping urban land cover and the compatibility of SAR derived classes with those described in the U.S. Geological Survey classification system. The entire scene was interpreted to generate a small-scale land cover map. In addition, six subscene enlargements representative of urban land cover categories extant in the area were used as test sites for detailed analysis of land cover types. Two distinct approaches were employed and compared in examining the imagery—a visual interpretation of black-and-white positive transparencies and an automated-machine/visual interpretation. The latter used the Image 100 interactive image analysis system to generate land cover classes by density level slicing of the image frequency histogram.     

Reaction of Glasses with Hydrofluoric Acid Solution

The gravimetric method was used to study the reaction between fused silica and silicate glasses with HF acid solution. The reaction was found to be transport-controlled. Additions of Al₂O₃, CaO, or both to fused silica caused a reduction in corrosion resistance of the resulting glasses.     

Read|Write: Table + Chair

The Table + Chair project forms part of a series of closely related architectural interventions that also included the production of a new entry façade for the School of Architecture reception offices at Ohio State University. The work entailed the production of a table and chair that were to be used by students in the process of fillingout official paperwork while waitingto meet with school administrators and counselors. These paper "forms" would become the written code of the students' education—their program—and in many ways would determine the course of their education. This presented an opportunity to fabricate furniture that explored the effects of the cross-contamination of material presence with informational patterns by using digital technologies.     

Compassionism and the Design Studio in the Aftermath of 9/11

The events of 9/11 are dramatically reshaping society. The terrorist attacks in New York City and in Washington, DC, have been extensively examined in the media and addressed in the work of professionals and academicians across a broad spectrum of disciplines. The profession and discipline of architecture is reassessing its position in relation to these events. Architectural education, and the functions of the design studio in particular, are similarly subject to this process of reappraisal. A case study is presented of a studio project on the topic of transportable medical facilities for disaster mitigation. This work is discussed against a backdrop of societal constructs concerning the functions of compassionism in architecture in the aftermath of 9/11. The case study is but one example of the potential of the studio to emerge as a rapid-response vehicle to foster in the student a genuine attitude of social and civic engagement.     

Structural Characterization of Phase Separation in Fe-Cr: A Current Comparison of Experimental Methods

Self-assembly due to phase separation within a miscibility gap is important in numerous material systems and applications. A system of particular interest is the binary alloy system Fe-Cr, since it is both a suitable model material and the base system for the stainless steel alloy category, suffering from low-temperature embrittlement due to phase separation. Structural characterization of the minute nano-scale concentration fluctuations during early phase separation has for a long time been considered a major challenge within material characterization. However, recent developments present new opportunities in this field. Here, we present an overview of the current capabilities and limitations of different techniques. A set of Fe-Cr alloys were investigated using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), atom probe tomography, and analytical transmission electron microscopy. The complementarity of the characterization techniques is clear, and combinatorial studies can provide complete quantitative structure information during phase separation in Fe-Cr alloys. Furthermore, we argue that SANS provides a unique in-situ access to the nanostructure, and that direct comparisons between SANS and phase-field modeling, solving the non-linear Cahn Hilliard equation with proper physical input, should be pursued.     

Impact of environmental variables on spectral signatures acquired by the LANDSAT thematic mapper

Eleven environmental variables, elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, surface roughness, soil type, geology, percentage of vegetation, percentage of trees, percentage of shrubs, percentage of herbs, and percentage of bare ground, are evaluated as to their impact on LANDSAT thematic mapper (TM) spectral signatures. Multiple regression models indicate that a combination of percentage of trees and shrubs have the most significant impact on TM spectral response, and, in fact, mask the effects of other tested environmental variables. Regression models are also developed for major soil types which significantly predict the amount of trees and shrubs present on a site.