全文获取类型
收费全文 | 20532篇 |
免费 | 1632篇 |
国内免费 | 78篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 161篇 |
综合类 | 158篇 |
化学工业 | 5631篇 |
金属工艺 | 519篇 |
机械仪表 | 408篇 |
建筑科学 | 655篇 |
矿业工程 | 74篇 |
能源动力 | 664篇 |
轻工业 | 4518篇 |
水利工程 | 174篇 |
石油天然气 | 212篇 |
武器工业 | 6篇 |
无线电 | 933篇 |
一般工业技术 | 3211篇 |
冶金工业 | 2033篇 |
原子能技术 | 143篇 |
自动化技术 | 2742篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 43篇 |
2023年 | 178篇 |
2022年 | 452篇 |
2021年 | 938篇 |
2020年 | 576篇 |
2019年 | 638篇 |
2018年 | 807篇 |
2017年 | 824篇 |
2016年 | 877篇 |
2015年 | 666篇 |
2014年 | 981篇 |
2013年 | 1743篇 |
2012年 | 1382篇 |
2011年 | 1511篇 |
2010年 | 1183篇 |
2009年 | 1083篇 |
2008年 | 932篇 |
2007年 | 790篇 |
2006年 | 616篇 |
2005年 | 525篇 |
2004年 | 456篇 |
2003年 | 476篇 |
2002年 | 367篇 |
2001年 | 299篇 |
2000年 | 246篇 |
1999年 | 264篇 |
1998年 | 774篇 |
1997年 | 518篇 |
1996年 | 374篇 |
1995年 | 232篇 |
1994年 | 211篇 |
1993年 | 165篇 |
1992年 | 92篇 |
1991年 | 69篇 |
1990年 | 52篇 |
1989年 | 62篇 |
1988年 | 68篇 |
1987年 | 65篇 |
1986年 | 40篇 |
1985年 | 70篇 |
1984年 | 60篇 |
1983年 | 48篇 |
1982年 | 49篇 |
1981年 | 43篇 |
1980年 | 55篇 |
1979年 | 34篇 |
1978年 | 30篇 |
1977年 | 48篇 |
1976年 | 68篇 |
1973年 | 33篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
991.
采用正交试验法,编制了25种不同管道尺寸、不同缺陷尺寸的正交实验图,对20号钢管道进行非线性计算。研究了单一载荷及组合载荷下含环向表面裂纹缺陷管道的塑性极限载荷,并用公式计算不同载荷工况下管道的塑性极限载荷,将有限元分析值与理论值进行对比,验证有限元计算的准确性。分析了裂纹环向长度、轴向长度、深度及管径4个因素对塑性极限载荷的影响,从而得到这4个因素对不同载荷工况下管道承载能力的影响规律以及相同裂纹尺寸的管道在不同载荷工况下的等效应力图。 相似文献
992.
Pablo Salcedo-Abraira Sergio M.F.Vilela Artem A.Babaryk Maria Cabrero-Antonino Pedro Gregorio Fabrice Salles Sergio Navalon Hermenegildo Garcia Patricia Horcajada 《Nano Research》2021,14(2):450-457
A novel microporous two-dimensional(2D)Ni-based phosphonate metal-organic framework(MOF;denoted as IEF-13)has been successfully synthesized by a simple and green hydrothermal method and fully characterized using a combination of experimental and computational techniques.Structure resolution by single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that IEF-13 crystallizes in the triclinic space group Pi having bi-octahedra nickel nodes and a photo/electroactive tritopic phosphonate ligand.Remarkably,this material exhibits coordinatively unsaturated nickel(II)sites,free-P03H2and-P03H acidic groups,a C02accessible microporosity,and an exceptional thermal and chemical stability.Further,its in-deep optoelectronic characterization evidences a photoresponse suitable for photocatalysis.In this sense,the photocatalytic activity for challenging H2generation and overall water splitting in absence of any co-catalyst using UV-Vis irradiation and simulated sunlight has been evaluated,constituting the first report for a phosphonate-MOF photocatalyst.IEF-13 is able to produce up to 2,200 fimol of H2per gram using methanol as sacrificial agent,exhibiting stability,maintaining its crystal structure and allowing its recycling.Even more,170μmol of H2per gram were produced using IEF-13 as photocatalyst in the absence of any co-catalyst for the overall water splitting,being this reaction limited by the 02reduction.The present work opens new avenues for further optimization of the photocatalytic activity in this type of multifunctional materials. 相似文献
993.
Izabela Barya Ewa Stycze-Binkowska Elbieta Puciennik Katarzyna Kola Andrzej K. Bednarek 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(6)
Recent reports indicate that the hypoxia-induced factor (HIF1α) and the Warburg effect play an initiating role in glucotoxicity, which underlies disorders in metabolic diseases. WWOX has been identified as a HIF1α regulator. WWOX downregulation leads to an increased expression of HIF1α target genes encoding glucose transporters and glycolysis’ enzymes. It has been proven in the normoglycemic mice cells and in gestational diabetes patients. The aim of the study was to determine WWOX’s role in glucose metabolism regulation in hyperglycemia and hypoxia to confirm its importance in the development of metabolic disorders. For this purpose, the WWOX gene was silenced in human normal fibroblasts, and then cells were cultured under different sugar and oxygen levels. Thereafter, it was investigated how WWOX silencing alters the genes and proteins expression profile of glucose transporters and glycolysis pathway enzymes, and their activity. In normoxia normoglycemia, higher glycolysis genes expression, their activity, and the lactate concentration were observed in WWOX KO fibroblasts in comparison to control cells. In normoxia hyperglycemia, it was observed a decrease of insulin-dependent glucose uptake and a further increase of lactate. It likely intensifies hyperglycemia condition, which deepen the glucose toxic effect. Then, in hypoxia hyperglycemia, WWOX KO caused weaker glucose uptake and elevated lactate production. In conclusion, the WWOX/HIF1A axis downregulation alters glucose metabolism and probably predispose to metabolic disorders. 相似文献
994.
María Jose García-Jimnez Myriam Torres-Rico Jos L. de Paz Pedro M. Nieto 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(6)
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a neurotrophic factor that participates in the development of the embryonic central nervous system (CNS) and neural stem cell regulation by means of an interaction with sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the natural ligand in the CNS. We have previously studied the complexes between the tetrasaccharides used here and MK (Midkine) by ligand-observed NMR techniques. The present work describes the interactions between a tetrasaccharide library of synthetic models of CS-types and mimetics thereof with PTN using the same NMR transient techniques. We have concluded that: (1) global ligand structures do not change upon binding, (2) the introduction of lipophilic substituents in the structure of the ligand improves the strength of binding, (3) binding is weaker than for MK, (4) STD-NMR results are compatible with multiple binding modes, and (5) the replacement of GlcA for IdoA is not relevant for binding. Then we can conclude that the binding of CS derivatives to PTN and MK are similar and compatible with multiple binding modes of the same basic conformation. 相似文献
995.
996.
Physical Reasoning to Synchronize Electrical Signals and Related Diagnostics in Plasma Focus Devices
H. Bruzzone H. Acuña M. Barbaglia A. Clausse M. Milanese C. Pavez G. Avaria J. Pedreros A. Sepúlveda C. Rojas M. Zorondo L. Soto 《Journal of Fusion Energy》2018,37(1):45-50
Plasma Focus (PF) devices as well as other similar pulsed discharge devices requires a variety of diagnostics for their proper control and optimization, including the voltage between electrodes, the time derivative of the discharge current, detection of X-rays and neutron emissions, and pulsed laser images (Shadow, Schlieren, interferograms). This article discusses the problem of the time reference of all these outputs and proposes specific techniques for synchronizing them based on sound physical grounds. The foundations of synchronization criterion are verified in several experiments on PF devices. 相似文献
997.
Muon tomography is a capable imaging technique to measure the geometry of high-Z objects. However,most existed algorithms used in muon tomography have obscured the effects of angular distribution and momentum spectra of cosmic ray muons and reduced the spatial resolution. We present a modified multi-group model that takes into account these effects and calibrates the model by the material of lead. Performance tests establish that the model is capable of measuring the thickness of a Pb slab and identifying the material of an unknown slab on a reasonable exposure timescale, in both cases of complete and incomplete angular data. Results show that the modified multi-group model is helpful for improvements in image resolution in real applications. 相似文献
998.
Sandra M. Sancho-Martínez María Herrero Miguel Fontecha-Barriuso Joana Mercado-Hernndez Francisco J. Lpez-Hernndez 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(7)
Nephrotoxicity is a major cause of intrinsic acute kidney injury (AKI). Because renal tissue damage may occur independently of a reduction in glomerular filtration rate and of elevations in plasma creatinine concentration, so-called injury biomarkers have been proposed to form part of diagnostic criteria as reflective of tubular damage independently of renal function status. We studied whether the urinary level of NGAL, KIM-1, GM2AP, t-gelsolin, and REGIIIb informed on the extent of tubular damage in rat models of nephrotoxicity, regardless of the etiology, moment of observation, and underlying pathophysiology. At a time of overt AKI, urinary biomarkers were measured by Western blot or ELISA, and tubular necrosis was scored from histological specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Correlation and regression studies revealed that only weak relations existed between biomarkers and tubular damage. Due to high interindividual variability in the extent of damage for any given biomarker level, urinary injury biomarkers did not necessarily reflect the extent of the underlying tissue injury in individual rats. We contended, in this work, that further pathophysiological contextualization is necessary to understand the diagnostic significance of injury biomarkers before they can be used for renal tubular damage severity stratification in the context of nephrotoxic and, in general, intrinsic AKI. 相似文献
999.
Joanna Bogusiewicz Bogumia Kupcewicz Paulina Zofia Goryska Karol Jaroch Krzysztof Goryski Marcin Birski Jacek Furtak Dariusz Paczkowski Marek Harat Barbara Bojko 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(7)
The development of a fast and accurate intraoperative method that enables the differentiation and stratification of cancerous lesions is still a challenging problem in laboratory medicine. Therefore, it is important to find and optimize a simple and effective analytical method of enabling the selection of distinctive metabolites. This study aims to assess the usefulness of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) probes as a sampling method for the lipidomic analysis of brain tumors. To this end, SPME was applied to sample brain tumors immediately after excision, followed by lipidomic analysis via liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The results showed that long fibers were a good option for extracting analytes from an entire lesion to obtain an average lipidomic profile. Moreover, significant differences between tumors of different histological origin were observed. In-depth investigation of the glioma samples revealed that malignancy grade and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status impact the lipidomic composition of the tumor, whereas 1p/19q co-deletion did not appear to alter the lipid profile. This first on-site lipidomic analysis of intact tumors proved that chemical biopsy with SPME is a promising tool for the simple and fast extraction of lipid markers in neurooncology. 相似文献
1000.
Diane Cleydes Baía da Silva Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt Daiane Claydes Baia-da-Silva Victoria Santos Chemelo Luciana Eir-Quirino Priscila Cunha Nascimento Mrcia Cristina Freitas Silva Marco Aurelio M. Freire Walace Gomes-Leal Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez Rafael Rodrigues Lima 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(7)
Methylmercury (MeHg) is one of the most dangerous toxic pollutants spread throughout the earth. Chronic MeHg intoxication by contaminated food ingestion is the most common threat to human health, including impairment to the developing fetus. The present study aims at investigating the effects of maternal exposure to MeHg during gestation and lactation on the spinal cord of offspring. Pregnant rats received oral doses of MeHg (40 μg/kg/day) over a period of 42 days (21 gestation and 21 lactation). Control animals received the vehicle only. Total mercury concentration was measured in blood samples from offspring collected at the 41st postnatal day. Counting of motor neurons and immunoreactivity for myelin basic protein (MBP) were assessed in the spinal cords in both control and MeHg-intoxicated animals. Our results showed that MeHg promoted an increase in blood Hg levels. In addition, it caused a reduction in the number of spinal cord motor neurons as well as decreased MBP immunoreactivity in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar segments. Our present findings suggest that MeHg intoxication during rat pregnancy and lactation is associated with a pattern of motor neuron degeneration and downregulation of myelin basic protein in different segments of a developing spinal cord. Further studies are needed to establish the effect of MeHg intoxication in both young and adult rats. 相似文献