6种西北地区植物多糖对卷烟主流烟气水分含量及pH的影响

为研究沙棘多糖、蕨麻多糖等6种西北地区植物多糖对卷烟质量的影响,使用气相色谱、电位滴定仪分别测定了添加6种植物多糖烟支样品主流烟气水分含量、pH,并与空白及丙二醇样品进行了比较。结果显示:添加植物多糖可显著提高卷烟主流烟气气相、粒相水分含量。其中添加锁阳多糖烟支样品主流烟气中粒相水分分别较丙二醇及空白样品提高31.3%、44.3%。添加植物多糖可显著降低卷烟主流烟气pH,但降低幅度不大。结果表明,沙棘多糖、蕨麻多糖等西北地区植物多糖可显著降低卷烟主流烟气pH及提高卷烟主流烟气中气相、粒相水分含量。     

从方位词看中国传统空间规划观念的意蕴——“社会—方位”图式及其意义分析简

对汉字单纯方位词造字意象进行分析,明确了方位中隐含的身体和自然观念,对运用方位词表述社会关系和表述空间关系的词语进行分析,尝试总结出我国传统社会中空间规划所遵循的社会关系与空间方位之间相对应的原则,概括为＂社会一方位＂图式,并分析其所具有的集体意识的内涵。     

NiO/Al_2O_3基催化剂的TPR特性研究

NiO/Al_2O_3基催化剂用于替代贵金属催化剂,被广泛应用于石油和石化领域生产过程的加氢、脱硫和脱氮。采用TPR方法,研究不同Ni含量NiO/Al_2O_3及不同载体的催化剂还原特性。结果表明,NiO/Al_2O_3催化剂在10%H_2-Ar气氛下,还原温度范围较宽,为(300~800)℃,其中,(500~600)℃还原速率最大;随着NiO含量的增加,起始还原温度降低,还原耗氢量按比例增加;以MgO为载体的NiO催化剂还原呈现双峰特征,以SiO2和TiO2为载体的NiO催化剂的初始还原温度比NiO/Al_2O_3催化剂降低(100~200)℃。     

阳离子石蜡乳液的制备及其在中性施胶和表面涂饰中的应用

石蜡乳液是一类重要的中性施胶剂，但一直存在难乳化，乳液稳定性差，单独进行中性施胶时效果差等问题，我们探讨了各种因素对石蜡乳液稳定性和应用性的影响，制备出一种稳定且具有良好中性施胶性能的阳离子石蜡乳液，确定了其最佳施胶工艺。     

基于SOM-RBF神经网络的COD软测量方法

污水处理是一个复杂的非线性过程,化学需氧量（chemical oxygen demand,COD）是评价污水处理效果的关键指标之一。COD的传统测量方法耗时长、成本高,基于传统神经网络的软测量方法提高了COD参数的测量速度但精度较差。针对这些问题,设计一种结合自组织特征映射 (self-organizing map, SOM)和径向基函数(radial basis function, RBF)神经网络的COD参数软测量方法。该方法利用SOM网络聚类数据样本,根据所得聚类结果确定RBF网络的隐层节点数及节点的数据中心,综合提高RBF网络的收敛速度和拟合精度。利用污水处理厂部分水样数据建立COD软测量模型,模型仿真和硬件在线测试结果表明,相对于传统的BP、RBF等网络,基于SOM-RBF神经网络的COD软测量方法测量时间短、预测精度较高,具有较为广阔的应用前景。     

Facile synthesis of different morphologies of Te-doped ZnO nanostructures

Te-doped ZnO nanostructures were synthesized by an annealing (vapor–solid) process under ambient conditions, and characterized in terms of their morphological, structural, compositional and optical properties. The structural and morphological characterizations revealed that the synthesized nanostructures were well-defined multipods, needles and spherical particles, and possessed well-crystalline ZnO wurtzite hexagonal phase. Also, in the X-ray diffraction studies, the presence of a shift in the peak positions towards a lower angle, and a decrease in the intensity, with an increase in the Te concentration, as compared to the undoped ZnO, were observed. The chemical composition confirmed the presence of Te, in the case of multipod and needle morphologies. The effect of doping on the crystalline quality and optical properties was also investigated, by using photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectrometers. The Raman results demonstrated that the doped ZnO nanostructures had a lower crystalline quality than the undoped ZnO. Moreover, the PL results showed a decrease in the band gap for the doped ZnO nanostructures, in comparison to the undoped ZnO. A possible growth mechanism was also proposed.     

Effect of starch addition on microstructure and properties of highly porous alumina ceramics

Porous alumina ceramics with ultra-high porosity were prepared through combining the gel-casting process with the pore-forming agent technique. Porosity and pore size distribution of the sintered bulks were evaluated with and without adding starch, respectively. In particular, the influences of starch addition on the properties, including thermal conductivity and compressive strength were studied. It was found that the incorporation of starch increased the nominal solid loading in the suspension and subsequently promoted the particle packing efficiency. The porosity is raised with increasing starch content from 0 to 30 vol%, which brings the decrease in thermal conductivity, whereas the compressive strength isn't seriously degraded. The further higher starch addition (40 vol%), however, would deteriorate the performance of the alumina porous ceramics. It is believed that the appropriate starch amount (lower than 30 vol%), working as a pore-forming agent, suppresses the driving force of densification without affecting the connections of neighboring grains while excessive starch amount would lead to the collapse of the porous structure.     

硅铝介孔分子筛的合成和表征及其催化异构化性能的研究

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTABr)为模板剂,三氯化铝为铝源在室温条件下合成了介孔硅铝分子筛A1-MCM-41。采用红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、低温氮吸附等温线等方法对分子筛进行了结构表征。评价结果表明,A1-MCM-41分子筛对桥式四氢双环戊二烯(endo-TCD)具有良好的催化异构化性能。     

传统建筑技艺内涵与当代传承方式简析

通过梳理当代民间、官方、业内的不同社会认同状况,并进行个案分析的基础上,提出传统建筑技艺是由效用层面、文化层面和观念层面共同构成的一个整体。传统建筑技艺需要整体性的传承,而在当前的社会状况下,文化层面和观念层面的传承更应引起重视。