Better Lime Purification of Raw Sugar Beet Juice by Advanced Fenton Oxidation Process

This work discusses the effects of Fenton oxidation pre-treatment on the lime purification of raw sugar beet juice using iron powder and hydrogen peroxide. During Fenton oxidation, particular attention was paid to the effect of reaction time and dosage of Fenton′s reagent to improve purification indexes of the raw juice throughout the clarification process. The total concentration of lime used for the purification was varied from 4.0 to 16.0 g of CaO/100 mL of juice. The results showed that higher color and total phenolic removal were achieved with an increase in H₂O₂ dosage and reaction time. At an initial pH of less than 6.2 and H₂O₂ concentration of 7000.0 ppm, color removal reached 85% and approximately 81% of total phenolic removal was achieved at a reaction time of 30 min (Treatment 5). It suggests that the quantity of CaO required for the efficient juice purification may be decreased from 16.0 g/100 mL for the control juice to approximately 12.0 g/100 mL for the juice obtained from Treatment 5. Fenton oxidation process improved the quality indexes of the purified juice, and can be combined with a conventional clarification process to achieve juice with high purity and low color.     

Synthesis and structural characterization of iron-modified folded sheet mesoporous materials

Fe-FSM-16 materials with different Si/Fe ratios (Si/Fe = 100, 50, 10) have been synthesized by intercalating kanemite using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMABr) as the intercalating agent and iron nitrate as the iron source, and characterized by several spectroscopic techniques. Electrons spin resonance and Mössbauer spectroscopies, along with electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, allowed differentiation of several iron species. These species correspond to (1) hematite particles, (2) very small “isolated” or oligomeric Fe^III species possibly incorporated in the mesoporous silica wall, and (3) Fe^III oxide clusters either isolated or agglomerated, forming “rafts” at the surface of the silica and exhibiting ferromagnetic ordering. Because of their agglomeration, these clusters appear with a two-peak size distribution, with one peak corresponding to the isolated clusters formed in the mesopores and still embedded in them and the other corresponding to the agglomerates spread on the surface of the mesoporous silica particles.     

Rolling element bearing fault diagnosis for rotating machinery using vibration spectrum imaging and convolutional neural networks

The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology - In this paper, we propose a novel method for the classification of bearing faults using a convolutional neural network (CNN) and...     

Investigation of the corrosion behaviour of steel coated with amorphous silicon carbon alloys

Thin amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and carbonated silicon (a-Si_1 − xC_x:H) layers were deposited on stainless steel substrates using plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) in a “low-power” regime. The carbon content of the carbonated silicon (a-Si_1 − xC_x:H) alloys was varied between 0.1 and 0.37 at.%. The performance of these interfaces as effective corrosion barriers in 3% sodium chloride aqueous solutions was evaluated. Potentiodynamic polarisation curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used next to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the protection efficiency of the different barriers. The a-Si:H coated showed better corrosion resistance as compared to the carbonated silicon alloys. No degradation was observed after 14 days immersion of the steel substrate coated with a-Si:H in 3% sodium chloride aqueous solution, making this coating an attractive candidate as corrosion barrier.     

SimRDH: A Modeling and Simulation Environment With Component Hybrid Dynamic Nets, Elevator Application

Component hybrid dynamic nets (CHDNs) are a graphic model for hybrid dynamic systems, which allow every component of the hybrid system to be individually represented. On the basis of this methodology, a software tool dedicated to electrical engineering simulations has been developed. Thus, the aim of this paper is to present a brief review of the model structure and to describe the developed software called SimRDH. In order to show the applications of this software tool, a hydraulic system, a mechanical system, and finally, an elevator system powered by supercapacitors have been studied.     

Recent advances in the immunology of xenotransplantation

The transplantation of tissue and organs between individuals of different species, that is xenotransplantation, engenders a variety of severe immune responses. Xenogeneic immune responses mediated by naturally occurring antibodies and complement lead to hyperacute and acute vascular rejection of vascularized organ grafts and may also cause vascular rejection of cell and tissue grafts. Under some circumstances, however, a vascularized organ graft may evade humoral rejection despite the presence of antidonor antibodies in the circulation of the recipient; this condition is called accommodation. Xenogeneic immune responses mediated by T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells may cause acute cellular rejection. The extent to which cellular rejection of xenografts resembles cellular rejection of allografts remains to be determined. New insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune responses to xenotransplantation have shed new light on the pathogenesis of immunological disease and have allowed the development of specific immunomodulatory strategies that may facilitate clinical application of xenotransplantation.     

Differential expression of natural killer cell markers: human versus baboon

The use of baboons as a model for the study of allo- and xenotransplantation has become increasingly important, but there are few studies on the basic immunological responses in baboons that might be relevant for a rejection reaction. In present study, the cell-surface phenotype, cytokine-induced activation and growth, and cytotoxicity of baboon and human natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells were compared. A panel of murine monoclonal antibodies specific for human cell-surface markers expressed on lymphocytes was used to compare relevant baboon and human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Baboon PBL were 52.1+/-2.9% CD8+, 18.5+/-2.2% CD16+, 3.0+/-0.5% CD25+, and 5.5+/-1.8% CD69+. The corresponding proportions in humans were 23.8+/-7.1%, 12.8+/-3.2%, 4.5+/-1.0%, and 2.3+/-1.1%. In contrast to human PBL, less than 1% of baboon lymphocytes expressed CD56, CD57, and CD122 (interleukin [IL]-2Rbeta). Baboon lymphocytes showed NK cytotoxic activity against the human K562 and CEM cell lines, which was comparable to human NK activity. Depletion of baboon CD16+ or CD8+ cells led to dramatic decreases in NK cytotoxicity, and removal of both subsets completely abrogated NK activity. Incubation of baboon lymphocytes with human recombinant IL-2 for 1 week led to the appearance of CD56+ cells (11.3+/-2.8%). Most of the baboon CD56+ cells induced in culture were in S and G2 phases of cell cycle. Both baboon and human IL-2-activated lymphocytes were highly cytotoxic against the human LAK-sensitive cell line Daudi. Depletion of baboon CD8+ but not CD56+ cells significantly decreased LAK activity. These studies revealed differences in the NK system of humans and baboons that should be taken into consideration when analyzing immune responses to allo- and xenotransplantation in baboons.     

Synthesis and characterization of oxygen-rich delafossite CuYO2+x—Application to H2-photo production

Here we report the synthesis and photo electrochemical properties of super oxides CuYO_2.50 and CuYO_2.25 prepared from the delafossite CuYO₂, respectively, by thermal oxidation at 380 °C under O₂-flow and soft chemistry in NaBrO solution (5 N). Their applications as catalysts for H₂ evolution upon visible light were investigated. The oxygen insertion was accompanied by partial oxidation of Cu⁺. For CuYO_2.25, the chemical analyses revealed the presence of mixed valent states containing at least formally an equal number of Cu⁺ and Cu²⁺. The thermal analysis (TGA) under reducing atmosphere indicates that oxygen is inserted in different crystallographic sites, for CuYO_2.25 it exhibits a two-step reduction mechanism with restoration of the parent oxide. In air, CuYO_2+x is thermally stable up to 500 °C above which it undergoes irreversible conversion into Cu₂Y₂O₅. They display p-type behavior ascribed to oxygen insertion and the conduction occurs by hopping mechanism between mixed copper valences. Under illumination, the oxides are stabilized by hole consumption reactions involving SO₃²⁻ and S²⁻ as holes scavengers. The flat-band potentials, lying between 0.17 and 0.26 V_SCE, allow a spontaneous H₂-photo formation. The rate of H₂-evolution is altered by the oxygen insertion and the best photo activity (1.33 μmol h⁻¹ mg⁻¹) was obtained over CuYO_2.25 immersed in S²⁻ solution (0.025 M); CuYO₂ is also reported for a comparison goal. Over time, the photoactivity is slowed down because of the competitive reduction of H₂O with the final products namely S₂O₆²⁻ and S_n²⁻.     

Tracking Dengue on Twitter Using Hybrid Filtration-Polarity and Apache Flume

The world health organization (WHO) terms dengue as a serious illness that impacts almost half of the world’s population and carries no specific treatment. Early and accurate detection of spread in affected regions can save precious lives. Despite the severity of the disease, a few noticeable works can be found that involve sentiment analysis to mine accurate intuitions from the social media text streams. However, the massive data explosion in recent years has led to difficulties in terms of storing and processing large amounts of data, as reliable mechanisms to gather the data and suitable techniques to extract meaningful insights from the data are required. This research study proposes a sentiment analysis polarity approach for collecting data and extracting relevant information about dengue via Apache Hadoop. The method consists of two main parts: the first part collects data from social media using Apache Flume, while the second part focuses on querying and extracting relevant information via the hybrid filtration-polarity algorithm using Apache Hive. To overcome the noisy and unstructured nature of the data, the process of extracting information is characterized by pre and post-filtration phases. As a result, only with the integration of Flume and Hive with filtration and polarity analysis, can a reliable sentiment analysis technique be offered to collect and process large-scale data from the social network. We introduce how the Apache Hadoop ecosystem – Flume and Hive – can provide a sentiment analysis capability by storing and processing large amounts of data. An important finding of this paper is that developing efficient sentiment analysis applications for detecting diseases can be more reliable through the use of the Hadoop ecosystem components than through the use of normal machines.