Nonlinear self-guiding and switching in an all-fiber device

We study the nonlinear propagation of light in optical fibers in the strong nonlinearity limit. In this limit, the transverse guiding properties are altered and cannot be decoupled from the longitudinal part of the wave equation. We consider a refractive index profile with no bound modes at low intensities and show that stable self-guiding occurs at a critical intensity. This critical intensity is a property of the guide and can be made much lower than the threshold for unstable self-focusing. We consider a particular design for which self-guiding occurs at three orders of magnitude lower than the self-focusing threshold.     

Verf?rbung grau und wei? pigmentierter Beschichtungen auf Acrylharzbasis auf Tropenh?lzern

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Some spatial equilibria in facility investment under uncertain demand

This paper describes the spatial distribution of customer demand, supply of customer services and facility investment, as the outcome of a three-level game-like interaction between customers (e.g., shoppers), suppliers (e.g., retailers) and developers (e.g., landlords). Treating both the suppliers and developers at each centre as competitors, oligopolistic equilibria of the Nash-Stackelberg type are developed, and conditions for their existence and uniqueness established. Uncertain customer demand is specified in probabilistic terms, representing the suppliers' perception of expected customer behaviour.     

Development of Low-Oxide MCrAlY Coatings for Gas Turbine Applications

Advanced high-energy plasma systems are being used to achieve the benefits of the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) system without losing the inherent advantages of plasma for coating of gas turbine parts. MCrAlY coatings play a very important role in the performance and reliability of gas turbine components. One of the important considerations for next generation of gas turbines, which have more demanding conditions and need to withstand ever increasing operating temperatures, is that they should possess very low oxygen content levels in the coating. Low oxygen content coatings are applied by the expensive low-pressure plasma spray (LPPS)/vacuum plasma spray (VPS) technique for critical components in aero- and land-based gas turbines. This work deals with the development of low-cost LPPS equivalent coatings (having low oxygen content) using the high-energy high-velocity plasma spray (HEHVPS) gun and inert gas shroud. A comparison has also been made with CoNiCrAlY coatings by HVOF.     

Starting and operating regimes of vacuum plasmatrons with hollow cathodes

Optimization of starting regimes of industrial plasmatrons is considered. Dependences of the surface temperature in the bath with liquid metal on the inputted specific power are obtained. These dependences may be used for determining the optimal melting conditions and calculating the kinetic regimes for refining metals.     

CO2 emissions,energy consumption,and output in France

This paper examines the dynamic causal relationships between pollutant emissions, energy consumption, and output for France using cointegration and vector error-correction modelling techniques. We argue that these variables are strongly inter-related and therefore their relationship must be examined using an integrated framework. The results provide evidence for the existence of a fairly robust long-run relationship between these variables for the period 1960–2000. The causality results support the argument that economic growth exerts a causal influence on growth of energy use and growth of pollution in the long run. The results also point to a uni-directional causality running from growth of energy use to output growth in the short run.     

Effect of spinning speed on the propagation of ultrasound and the anisotropy of acoustical characteristics in hdyrocellulose films

Conclusions It has been shown that there is a close connection between the change in spinning speed of hydrocellulose films and their acoustical characteristics: rate of propagation of ultrasound and damping cellulose of ultrasound, which permits one to use a nondestructive control method in the technological practice of hydrocellulose film preparation.A close connection has been found between the strength of hydrocellulose film and the propagation rate and damping coefficient of ultrasonic waves.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 36–38, July–August, 1985.