Rigid osteosynthesis with the AO plate and Phemister''s spongioplasty in secondary treatment of diaphyseal gunshot fractures

To clarify the histogenesis and differentiation potential of central neurocytoma, a pathological investigation of seven tumors from three patients was conducted using immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural analysis in addition to systematic in vitro studies. Six tumors were studied immunohistochemically and five were examined ultrastructurally. All cases that were immunostained were positive for synaptophysin in nuclear-free neuropil islands. In five tumors, a few tumor cells, in addition to reactive astrocytes, were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Vimentin staining was also positive in a few tumor cells of five specimens. Neurofilament staining was always negative. All cases for which ultrastructure was examined showed various synaptic abnormalities. Cultured cells were subdivided into three distinct tumor cell types: neuronal cells which stained for neurofilament proteins with neurosecretory granules; small flat undifferentiated cells with a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and scant cytoplasmic organelles; and small round or multipolar astrocytic cells with 10-nm intermediate filaments which stained for GFAP. Our tissue culture studies disclosed that cultured neurocytoma cells form a cellular mosaic similar to subependymal plate layers that are composed of mitotically active cells, neurons and glia.     

Hydrogen and Calcium Ion Concentrations Affect Volume of CO2 Puffed Diced Green Bell Peppers

Diced green bell peppers were soaked in a solution of hydrochloric acid or calcium chloride, air-dried to 50% moisture, held in CO₂ at 5.8 MPa for 1, 3 or 5 min, and puffed by abruptly releasing the CO₂ pressure. Treatment with 1% CaCl₂ increased the size of puffed-dried products as compared to a control; however, HCl treatments did not. The treatment with 1 or 2% CaCl₂ reduced shrinkage as compared to the control. The 1% CaCl₂ treatment may have increased the CO₂ saturation rate.     

The influence of sulfur pressure on Sulfidation behaviour of NiCoCrAl(Y) alloys at high temperature

Sulfidation of alloy having nominal composition Ni-23Co-19Cr-12Al (wt%) with and without the addition of 0.6% yttrium was studied at temperatures 1073–1273 K in sulfur vapor at atmospheric pressure and in H₂/H₂S gas mixtures at sulfur pressure of 10^?3 and 10^?1.5 Pa. Sulfidation runs were followed thermogravimetrically. Phase and chemical composition of sulfide scales and scale morphologies were determined by means of XRD, EDX, EPM and SEM analyses. After certain initial period sulfidation of both materials followed approximately a parabolic rate law. The estimated sulfidation rates for each alloy increased with sulfur pressure and temperature. The sulfide scales on both materials showed complex microstructures and compositions, depending on sulfidation conditions, with several sulfide and sulfospinel phases present, such as (Ni,Co)S, (Ni,Co)₃S₄, (Ni,Co)Cr₂S₄, (Cr,Ni,Co)Al₂S₄ or (Cr,Ni,Co)S and (Cr,Ni,Co)₃S₄. There was no evidence of yttrium segregation either to the grain boundary regions in the scale or to the alloy/scale interface. Yttrium dissolved in the sulfide phases and accelerated the sulfidation process. This behaviour was ascribed to the doping effect.     

Reactor design considerations for MOCVD growth of thin films

Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) performance is optimized for growing titanium dioxide (TiO₂) thin films. Different gas flow directions and susceptor rotation, along with reactor geometry and shape variations are considered. Gravity proves to be an important parameter in changing the flow pattern in the reaction chamber. However, since film uniformity is not improved by changing the flow direction, modifying the reactor geometry is also proposed. Among the different geometrical parameters, the susceptor-inlet distance, inlet tube diameter, and susceptor size are considered. To minimize the occurrence of recirculation cells in the reaction chamber, modifications in the reactor shape are also suggested. Acceptable results are achieved by changing the cylindrical reactor to a diamond shape     

Dynamic fields generated by rapid crack growth

Stresses and strains near a rapidly propagating crack tip are affected by the mass density of the material. This paper starts with a brief summary of analytical results for near-tip dynamic fields as predicted by linear elastic fracture mechanics. Next, exact expressions are derived for dynamic crack-line strains, for mode-III crack propagation in a nonlinear elastic material and in an elastic perfectly-plastic material. These expressions are valid on the crack line from the moving crack tip to the moving boundary with the region of linearly elastic deformation. For steady-state crack growth, a critical strain criterion is used to compute the relation between external load and crack tip speed. The required external load increases with crack-tip speed.     

Is layering, harmful? [remote procedure call]

Remote procedure call (RPC) mechanisms over the US Department of Defense transmission control protocol. (TCP) can produce behavior analogous to the silly window syndrome because of a mismatched interface between the socket and the TCP modules. The detection and diagnosis of the problem are addressed. Some pointers to a design approach that could avoid the problems of mismatched communication layers are provided