The scratch-adhesion test has been used to monitor the coating-to-substrate adhesion of hard coatings deposited onto steels by two different techniques. In the first instance TiN, TiC and Al2O3 coatings were deposited by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). With the CVD TiC and Al2O3 coatings, pre-critical stylus load flaking could be observed at the edges of the scratch channel. In contrast, TiN did not display such flaking. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) were used to investigate this behaviour. In the second example, the initial stage of a continuous plasma nitride-TiN magnetron deposition process was varied to optimize the adhesion of the subsequently deposited TiN topcoat. A suite of characterization techniques including hardness determination, AES, profilometry, and optical cross-sectioning was used to help explain the scratch-adhesion test results. 相似文献
This paper presents a learning mechanism based on hybridization of static and dynamic learning. Realizing the detection performances offered by the state-of-the-art deep learning techniques and the competitive performances offered by the conventional static learning techniques, we propose the idea of exploitation of the concatenated (parallel) hybridization of the static and dynamic learning-based feature spaces. This is contrary to the cascaded (series) hybridization topology in which the initial feature space (provided by the conventional, static, and handcrafted feature extraction technique) is explored using deep, dynamic, and automated learning technique. Consequently, the characteristics already suppressed by the conventional representation cannot be explored by the dynamic learning technique. Instead, the proposed technique combines the conventional static and deep dynamic representation in concatenated (parallel) topology to generate an information-rich hybrid feature space. Thus, this hybrid feature space may aggregate the good characteristics of both conventional and deep representations, which are then explored using an appropriate classification technique. We also hypothesize that ensemble classification may better exploit this parallel hybrid perspective of the feature spaces. For this purpose, pyramid histogram of oriented gradients-based static learning has been incorporated in conjunction with convolution neural network-based deep learning to produce concatenated hybrid feature space. This hybrid space is then explored with various state-of-the-art ensemble classification techniques. We have considered the publicly available INRIA person and Caltech pedestrian standard image datasets to assess the performance of the proposed hybrid learning system. Furthermore, McNemar’s test has been used to statistically validate the outperformance of the proposed technique over various contemporary techniques. The validated experimental results show that the employment of the proposed hybrid representation results in effective detection performance (an AUC of 0.9996 for INRIA person and 0.9985 for Caltech pedestrian datasets) as compared to the individual static and dynamic representations.
Telecommunication Systems - A recent trend of peering at geo-diversified Internet exchange points (IXPs) has empowered decades-old proposal of inter-networking and opened up new avenues of business... 相似文献
The purpose of this research is the segmentation of lungs computed tomography (CT) scan for the diagnosis of COVID-19 by using machine learning methods. Our dataset contains data from patients who are prone to the epidemic. It contains three types of lungs CT images (Normal, Pneumonia, and COVID-19) collected from two different sources; the first one is the Radiology Department of Nishtar Hospital Multan and Civil Hospital Bahawalpur, Pakistan, and the second one is a publicly free available medical imaging database known as Radiopaedia. For the preprocessing, a novel fuzzy c-mean automated region-growing segmentation approach is deployed to take an automated region of interest (ROIs) and acquire 52 hybrid statistical features for each ROIs. Also, 12 optimized statistical features are selected via the chi-square feature reduction technique. For the classification, five machine learning classifiers named as deep learning J4, multilayer perceptron, support vector machine, random forest, and naive Bayes are deployed to optimize the hybrid statistical features dataset. It is observed that the deep learning J4 has promising results (sensitivity and specificity: 0.987; accuracy: 98.67%) among all the deployed classifiers. As a complementary study, a statistical work is devoted to the use of a new statistical model to fit the main datasets of COVID-19 collected in Pakistan. 相似文献
In this paper, a low cost, highly efficient and low profile monopole
antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications is presented. A new inverted triangular-shape structure possessing meander lines is designed to achieve a wideband response and high efficiency. To design the proposed structure, three steps
are utilized to achieve an UWB response. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna
is improved with changing meander lines parameters, miniaturization of the
ground width and optimization of the feeding line. The measured and simulated
frequency band ranges from 3.2 to 12 GHz, while the radiation patterns are measured at 4, 5.3, 6 and 8 GHz frequency bands. The overall volume of the proposed
antenna is 26 × 25 × 1.6 mm3
; whereas the FR4 material is used as a substrate
with a relative permittivity and loss tangent of 4.3 and 0.025, correspondingly.
The peak gain of 4 dB is achieved with a radiation efficiency of 80 to 98% for
the entire wideband. Design modelling of proposed antenna is performed in
ANSYS HFSS 13 software. A decent consistency between the simulated and
measured results is accomplished which shows that the proposed antenna is a
potential candidate for the UWB applications. 相似文献
The stable Euler-number-based image binarization has been shown to give excellent visual results for images containing high amount of image noise. Being computationally expensive, its applications are limited mostly to general-purpose processors and in application specific integrated circuits. In this paper a modified stable Euler-number-based algorithm for image binarization is proposed and its real-time hardware implementation in a Field Programmable Gate Array with a pipelined architecture is presented. The proposed modifications to the algorithm facilitate hardware implementation. The end result is a design that out-performs known software implementations. The amount of noisy pixels introduced during the binarization process is also minimized. Despite the stable Euler-number-based image binarization being computationally expensive, our simulations show that the proposed architecture gives accurate results and this in real time and without consuming all chip resources. 相似文献