PARTITION CHROMATOGRAPHY OF SUGARS IN WORT AND BEER ON ANION EXCHANGE RESINS

Partition chromatography on anion exchange resins in the sulphate form in 85% ethanol at 75°C was used for the separation of monosaccharides in beer and wort. The eluate was analysed automatically by the orcinol method. Simultaneous analysis by a periodate-formaldehyde method permitted determination of glycerol. Oligomers, except for those precipitated by 65% ethanol, were separated and characterized by chromatography in this medium. Sharp separations of disaccharides were made at an intermediate concentration. Species which were not separated on this resin were resolved on a cation exchanger in its lithium form. The identification of oligomers was facilitated by the fact that for oligomers having the same type of glycosidic bonds there exists a straight line relationship between the logarithm of the distribution coefficient and the number of monosaccharide residues.     

Synthesis of polypyrrole with fewer structural defects using enzyme catalysis

Enzymatic polymerization is an environmentally friendly alternative route for the synthesis of advanced π-functional materials. Until recently, synthetic methods for production of polypyrrole (PPy) were confined to the use of chemical oxidants or electrochemical methods. Here, we report the low temperature, oxidative polymerization of pyrrole using soybean peroxidase as the catalyst in aqueous non-toxic media. In addition to the benefits of the mild synthetic conditions, enzyme catalysis also affords PPy with fewer structural defects. Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) was used as a charge-balancing dopant and dispersant for PPy to monitor changes in the absorption spectra of the polymer over time. However, the polymerization methodology is amenable to other dopants, including small molecule dopants like 10-camphor sulfonic acid. Spectroscopic characterization indicated that the PPy was conductive, and was produced in higher yields and at faster rates at lower temperatures. Careful temperature control combined with the appropriate choice of dopant ensured production of more electrically conductive PPy with conductivities that exceeded 3 S/cm. UV–Vis spectroscopy was used to provide evidence of favorable interactions between pyrrole and the dopant that may have facilitated the reaction. These interactions, combined with a low synthesis temperature and controlled enzyme-catalyzed radical generation, synergistically favored the formation of PPy with fewer defects and a more linear structure.     

The significance of weldment material mis-matching on stress redistribution and creep cracking of high temperature components

A large circumferentially oriented crack was discovered in a weld of a double T-piece in the main steam pipe of a Swedish power plant. The pipe and the weld were manufactured from 0.5Cr0.5Mo0.25V steel. In this paper a nominal creep life assessment and an assessment considering mis-matching are carried out for a defect free component and for a component with a crack. While the nominal prediction of a defect free component indicates a creep life of approximately 2200000 hours, a creep life of 550000 hours is obtained when mis-matching effects and enhanced axial stresses due to system loads are considered. If mis-matching is not taken into account, as opposed to if it is, the estimated incubation plus creep crack growth time is approximately 30–70% longer.     

Electron trapping in InP nanowire FETs with stacking faults

Semiconductor III-V nanowires are promising components of future electronic and optoelectronic devices, but they typically show a mixed wurtzite-zinc blende crystal structure. Here we show, theoretically and experimentally, that the crystal structure dominates the conductivity in such InP nanowires. Undoped devices show very low conductivities and mobilities. The zincblende segments are quantum wells orthogonal to the current path and our calculations indicate that an electron concentration of up to 4.6 × 10(18) cm(-3) can be trapped in these. The calculations also show that the room temperature conductivity is controlled by the longest zincblende segment, and that stochastic variations in this length lead to an order of magnitude variation in conductivity. The mobility shows an unexpected decrease for low doping levels, as well as an unusual temperature dependence that bear resemblance with polycrystalline semiconductors.     

Materials challenges in interconnection: Trade-offs for rapid deployment

This article addresses the subtle changes necessary to achieve a margin against an intrinsic failure mechanism in a highly time-constrained development world. The problem of a coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between a liquid crystal polymer connector and a FR4 substrate was exacerbated by the size, dimensions, and ball-grid array attachment for such a connector. By carefully controlling the solder-mask wall profile, opening, and overhang, it was possible to avoid the time- and resource-consuming option of changing the connector materials. Kris Frutschy earned his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering at Brown University in 1997. He is currently a senior mechanical engineer at Intel Corporation. Ken Kinsman earned his Ph.D. in materials science at Standford University in 1966. He is currently a technology platform manager at Intel Corporation. Dr. Kinsman is also a member of TMS. Zezhong Fu earned his Ph.D. in materials science at the California Institute of Technology in 1993. He is currently a senior engineer at Intel Corporation. Deepak Goyal earned his Ph.D. in materials science and engineering at SUNY at Stony Brook. He is currently a staff packaging engineer at Intel Corporation. Gay Samuelson earned her Ph.D. in biochemistry at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1969. She is currently a lab manager at Intel Corporation. Ryan Vogt earned his M.S. in materials science and engineering at the University of Arizona in 1995. He is currently a package quality and reliability engineer at Intel Corporation.     

Screening for Domestic Violence: Recommendations Based on a Practice Survey.

How do practicing psychologists identify female victims of domestic violence? When asking about harm to self and others, do they also ask if the client is in danger of being harmed by another in an intimate relationship? A national survey of practicing psychologists revealed that 95% agreed that it is their responsibility to assist victimized clients, but fewer than 19% routinely screen for domestic violence. Psychologists report several barriers to screening at intake, which coupled with low screening rates, suggest that psychologists are missing important opportunities to assist clients who are at risk for assault. Several recommendations designed to improve psychologists' screening rates for domestic violence are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A new gene family (ariel) encodes asparagine-rich Entamoeba histolytica antigens, which resemble the amebic vaccine candidate serine-rich E. histolytica protein

A family of genes, called ariel, are named for and encode asparagine-rich Entamoeba histolytica antigens containing 2 to 16 octapeptide repeats. Ariel proteins, which are constitutively expressed by trophozoites, belong to a large antigen family that includes the serine-rich E. histolytica protein (SREHP), an amebic vaccine candidate.     

Basic therapies in cystic fibrosis. Does standard therapy work?

Epidemiologic data demonstrate a dramatic improvement in survival for cystic fibrosis (CF) over the last few decades and projections suggest that trend will continue. Standard therapy works and should be aggressively applied to this patient population. Although the specific therapies have evolved over the years, the basic tenets of CF care remain unchanged and include antibiotics to control infection, airway clearance, and adequate nutrition. This article focuses on treatment of the pulmonary disease and includes a discussion of the following specific components of a standard therapeutic approach to CF: (1) antibiotics, (2) airway clearance and exercise, (3) mucolytics, (4) bronchodilators, (5) oxygen, (6) anti-inflammatory therapies, and (7) nutritional support. Judicious application of these therapies coupled with careful monitoring of pulmonary, nutritional, and metabolic parameters results in most CF patients surviving into adulthood with an acceptable quality of life.     

Assembly and analysis of quantum devices using SPM based methods

Presently, there is a rapid growing interest in quantum devices based on single-electron-tunneling (SET)-effects. Such SET-devices are possible candidates for single electron memories that might allow room temperature operation. The focus of possible room temperature SET-devices is towards fabrication of lateral tunnel structures. We have during the last years developed a new way to fabricate lateral quantum devices. The principle is based on the use of the atomic force microscope (AFM) for very accurate movement of pre-fabricated nano-objects into a small gap between two metal electrodes. In this way a unique technique to build extremely small scale and accurate structures for contacting of nano-objects is realized, making hitherto unachievable devices to be formed.