The rheological properties and physical stability of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) extract in oil-in-water (MIO/W) emulsions were investigated. Rheological study on the emulsions exhibited Newtonian flow behavior. The 20?wt.% emulsion showed higher apparent viscosity than 10?wt.% MIO/W sample. The effects of salt (NaCl) concentration (0, 50, 100, and 200?mM) and heat treatment (70?°C) on the stability of the emulsions were also examined. Heat (70?°C)- and NaCl (100 and 200?mM)-treated emulsions showed creaming and droplet aggregation on storage for a period of 60?days. The 10?wt.% MIO/W emulsions stored at 4?°C showed a homogeneous distribution of oil droplets with good stability to creaming and viscosity independent of shear stress (i.e., a Newtonian liquid). 相似文献
In this paper, a novel compact semi-circular slot (SCS) 2 × 2 MIMO antenna is presented for 5G NR sub-6 GHz applications with high isolation. The proposed antenna consists of a semi-circular slot in ground plane, U-shaped stub, and 50-ohm microstrip feed line. The novelty of this paper are the Semi-Circular Slot acts a radiator, the port isolation is enhanced using a simple conductor strip as a neutralization line, very compact in size, low ECC, and good impedance matching. The overall size of the proposed SCS MIMO antenna is 16 mm x 21 mm, and FR4 substrate is used with thickness of 1.6 mm. The two SCS antenna elements are separated by edge-to-edge distance of 1mm (\(=0.019\lambda _{0}\)). The proposed compact MIMO antenna design is simulated using Ansys HFSS. To validate SCS MIMO antenna, a prototype was fabricated and tested. The measured results are attained at 5.5 GHz with isolation greater than 25dB, impedance bandwidth (S11\(<-10\) dB) covers from 5.10 GHz to 5.80 GHz with return loss of ? 39.5 dB. The MIMO antenna parameters, ECC, CCL, TARC, and MEG are studied, and the values are obtained within acceptable limits. The measured and simulated antenna results are almost similar. This compact MIMO antenna is suitable for 5G communications in sub-6 GHz wifi-5 band applications.
This paper presents a hand gesture based control of an omnidirectional wheelchair using inertial measurement unit (IMU) and myoelectric units as wearable sensors. Seven common gestures are recognized and classified using shape based feature extraction and Dendogram Support Vector Machine (DSVM) classifier. The dynamic gestures are mapped to the omnidirectional motion commands to navigate the wheelchair. A single IMU is used to measure the wrist tilt angle and acceleration in three axis. EMG signals are extracted from two forearm muscles namely Extensor Carpi Radialis and Flexor Carpi Radialis and processed to provide Root Mean Square (RMS) signal. Initiation and termination of dynamic activities are based on autonomous identification of static to dynamic or dynamic to static transition by setting static thresholds on processed IMU and myoelectric sensor data. Classification involves recognizing the activity pattern based on periodic shape of trajectories of the triaxial wrist tilt angle and EMG-RMS from the two selected muscles. Second order Polynomial coefficients extracted from the sensor trajectory templates during specific dynamic activity cycles are used as features to classify dynamic activities. Classification algorithm and real time navigation of the wheelchair using the proposed algorithm has been tested by five healthy subjects. Classification accuracy of 94% was achieved by DSVM classifier on ‘k’ fold cross validation data of 5 users. Classification accuracy while operating the wheelchair was 90.5%. 相似文献
The impact of manufactured nanomaterials on human health and the environment is a major concern for commercial use of nanotechnology based products. A judicious choice of selective usage, lower nanomaterial concentration and use in combination with conventional therapeutic materials may provide the best solution. For example, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are known to be bactericidal and also cytotoxic to mammalian cells. Herein, we investigate the molecular mechanism of Ag NP mediated cytotoxicity in both cancer and non-cancer cells and find that optimum particle concentration leads to programmed cell death in vitro. Also, the benefit of the cytotoxic effects of Ag NPs was tested for therapeutic use in conjunction with conventional gene therapy. The synergistic effect of Ag NPs on the uracil phosphoribosyltransferase expression system sensitized the cells more towards treatment with the drug 5-fluorouracil. Induction of the apoptotic pathway makes Ag NPs a representative of a new chemosensitization strategy for future application in gene therapy. 相似文献
The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) has a wide range of applications, and here we develop a rapid synthesis using the leaf extract of Ipomea carnea. We demonstrated that 100?mL of a 1?mM silver nitrate solution was reduced to AgNps by 500?µL of I. carnea extract in 5?min and that one or more of the chemical constituents present in the extract acted as the reducing agent. Surface plasmon resonance peaks were observed from 410 to 440?nm for AgNps synthesised using the plant extract, and the peaks showed a characteristic blue shift with variation of pH from 2 to 8. Particle size analysis revealed the size of the AgNps to be from 30 to 130?nm, which was also confirmed by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, the antibacterial effects of the AgNps were evaluated against selected human pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Finally, the AgNps were impregnated with a cellulose acetate membrane to form an antimycobacterial membrane. Antimycobacterial activity against a non-pathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis showed that the AgNp-embedded membrane system has a zone of inhibition of 14?mm. 相似文献
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation methods have been used to investigate the internal structure of porous silica gelled from colloidal silica and potassium silicate mixtures. These materials possess a narrow pore size distribution with average pore diameter ranging from 470 to 2400 Å (47 to 240 nm) as determined from mercury intrusion porosimetry. NMR relaxation measurements were performed on deionized water impregnated into the pore space. These results determine the distribution of local surface-to-volume ratios and show that all of the silica samples are very uniform on a length scale greater than 5 μ. NMR relaxation measurements performed on silica samples partially filled with water provide a precise confirmation of the theoretical model upon which the NMR pore structure analysis is based. Measurements of the relaxation strength at the water—silica interface were found to depend systematically on the initial composition of the material. The self-diffusion coefficient of water, saturated in the pore space, is reduced by 14% from its bulk value. 相似文献
The present study focus on abrasive flow finishing (AFF), a process that finishes complex internal and external geometries with the help of viscoelastic abrasive medium, while keeping in mind its low finish and material removal rates (MRR). Researchers have often strived to improve finishing rate and MRR. As an attempt to overcome the said limitations, this paper discusses rotational abrasive flow finishing (R-AFF) process wherein complete tooling is externally rotated and the medium reciprocates with the help of hydraulic actuators. In this study, preliminary experiments are conducted on Al alloy and Al alloy/SiC metal matrix composites (MMCs) at different extrusion pressures, and medium compositions are employed for finding optimum conditions of the same for higher change in roughness (ΔRa). The same optimum conditions are used to study the effect of workpiece rotational speed on (ΔRa), material removal (MR), change in workpiece hardness and surface topology. It is noted that as the workpiece rotational speed increases from 2 to 10 RPM, the experimental helix angle decreases from 22° to 9° and the helical path length increases from 67 to 160 mm. Based on these findings the mechanism of material removal of matrix and reinforcement in MMC using R-AFF have been proposed. Here the matrix material is removed by micro-cutting and three methods of material removal mechanisms for reinforcement are also explained. The scientific logic behind finishing mechanism of matrix and reinforcement, cross hatch patterns, helical path directions, micro-scratch (μ-scratch) width and depth variation with size, orientation and support that active abrasive grain obtains from neighboring abrasives is derived from scanning electron microscopy micrographs. Finally this study establishes that R-AFF can produce 44% better ΔRa and 81.8% more MR compared to the AFF process. Accordingly, R-AFF generates micro cross hatch pattern on the finished surface that can improve lubricant holding capabilities. 相似文献
A well-planned arrangement of manufacturing departments on a two-dimensional planar region considerably increases the efficiency of its production systems, which is termed facility layout problem (FLP). Conventional layout design approach often designs intercell layout (determining exact location of each department on shop floor area) and flow path layout design of material handling system (MHS) step by step in a sequential manner. This results in suboptimal solutions for FLP. In this paper, an integrated approach is adopted to design the intercell layout and the flow path layout of MHS simultaneously. The quality of the final layout is evaluated by minimizing total material handling cost. Sequence pair (SP) representation is used for layout encoding. The translation from SP to layout is efficiently made by longest common subsequence (LCS) methodology. An elitist strategy genetic algorithm using simulated annealing (E-GASAA) as a local search mechanism is developed and tested with four test problem instances available in the literature. Elitist strategy is incorporated to enhance convergence characteristic of the proposed algorithm. It is found that the proposed E-GASAA is able to produce best solutions consistently for the test problem instance of different sizes within acceptable computational effort. In addition to that, we tried to reduce the computational load with the help of adopted LCS computation methodology and achieved a good improvement. 相似文献