On summation code properties in functional control circuits

We present new properties of summation codes which are used for organizing functional control circuits for discrete systems.     

Characteristics of microwave beam breakdown in nitrogen and oxygen

The time evolution of the electron density in microwave discharges in nitrogen and oxygen has been investigated. It is shown that the kinetic processes of electron detachment from negative ions or associative ionization of electronically excited gas molecules play a significant role in the interaction between above-threshold microwave radiation and a discharge plasma. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 23, 74–80 (May 26, 1997)     

Heat flux measurements on the inner walls of a shock tube

We have measured heat fluxes on the inner (cylindrical and edge) surfaces of a shock tube. The experiments were performed in gases (air, xenon) heated by a strong shock wave. For the first time, the heat flux in a shock wave was measured using sensors based on anisotropic single crystals of bismuth.     

Evaluation of integrals of the typel_{(2i + 1)/2} (b, - c^2 ,\tau ) = c^i \int\limits_0^\tau {\frac{{[\exp b(\theta - \tau ) - c^2 /\theta ]}}{{\theta ^{(2i + 1)/2} }}} d\theta (i = 0, 1, \ldots )

A representation of integrals of the typel(2i+1)/2(b.?c²,τ) is obtained in the form of infinite series. Tables of integrals I_3/2 and I_1/2 are presented.     

Centrifugal atomization of molten metals with particle cooling in a liquid medium

Conclusions A new apparatus has been developed for the centrifugal atomization of metals and alloys with particle cooling in a liquid medium. The apparatus, which is much smaller in size than the conventional atomization units, enables alloys of various chemical compositions to be atomized uncontaminated by metal particles from previous heats. Powders produced by this process are characterized by a dense, disperse structure and a low oxygen content. A small-sized unit has been designed and constructed for the centrifugal atomization of air- and vacuum-melted metals and alloys.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 2(266), pp. 1–6, February, 1985.     

Design of laterally loaded piles in a nonlinearly deformable bed

Conclusions 1. The computational method that we have proposed makes it possible to study the performance of the "pile-soil" system in the elastoplastic stage and investigate the behavior of piles and pile frames in all stages of loading — right up to failure.2. Allowance for shear strains in the cross section enables us to reflect the stress-strain state of the "pile-soil" system more precisely and provide high serviceability to the pile beds.Astrakhan Technical Institute, RPKh. Far East Scientific-Research Institute for the Design and Planning of Marine Structures. Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 4, pp. 9–11, July–August, 1980.     

Diffusion size effect

On the basis of the fact that the mean square displacement of atoms in the vicinity of the surface is higher than that in the bulk, a thin film diffusion size effect is introduced. In films of the order of 100 Å thick it leads to a marked increase in the diffusivity as the film thickness decreases. The size effect introduced is used to explain experimental data on the high diffusivity in thin films. The approach developed should also be taken into account when consideration is given to other thermally activated processes in thin films as well as in the vicinity of free surfaces, interfaces and grain boundaries (segregation, vacancy distribution and migration to the surface, phase formation etc.).     

An XPS study of interaction of neptunyl(V) in aqueous solution with goethite (α-FeOOH)

Sorption and physicochemical state of Np on the goethite (-FeOOH) surface were studied. The oxidation state of Np on the -FeOOH surface was studied by the liquid extraction. The neptunium complexes formed on the surface were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The ionic and elemental composition of the goethite surface and NpO ₂ ⁺ complexes with -FeOOH were determined from the XPS data. No Np(IV) and Np(VI) compounds were detected. Neptunyl(V) Np(V)O ₂ ⁺ forms complexes with the surface groups of -FeOOH. The equatorial plane of these complexes is occupied by the oxygen atoms of -FeOOH and water and/or carbonate group CO ₃ ^2– .Translated from Radiokhimiya, Vol. 46, No. 6, 2004, pp. 503–506.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Yu. Teterin, Kalmykov, Novikov, Sapozhnikov, Vukcevic, A. Teterin, Maslakov, Utkin, Khasanova, Shcherbina.     

Boolean-Complement Based Fault-Tolerant Electronic Device Architectures

Automation and Remote Control - We propose new fault-tolerant architectures, which, in contrast to the well-known double and triple modular redundancy architectures, include only one copy of the...