Initial caries attack and average progression rates in 12-year-old Isle of Wight children

Initial caries attack and progression rates of posterior approximal carious lesions were assessed based on 12-year-old school children residing on the Isle of Wight. Bitewing radiographs of a sub-sample of 165 subjects were randomly selected from the control group of a dentifrice clinical trial which took place between 1984 and 1987. Of the approximal surfaces that were caries-free at the first examination 71 per cent of the same surfaces remained caries-free after three years, an overall initial caries attack rate averaging 10.7 per cent per annum. Of the mesial surfaces of first permanent molars, 455 were initially caries-free, 67 per cent of which remained so after a three year period. The attack rate of this specified surface was 12.4 per cent per annum. The majority of surfaces that were caries-free at the start of the investigation would therefore be expected to remain so at least three years later. Caries progression appeared to be a slow process with only 12 per cent of initially carious outer enamel surface lesions penetrating into dentine after one year. After two years this had increased to 46 per cent and after three years, to 62 per cent. For a similarly defined group of individuals it would appear likely that the majority of early enamel lesions would not reach dentine within two years. For a substantial number of subjects this would extend to at least three years.     

Metabolism of pregnenolone 16-3H and progesterone 4-14C by 18 day fetal mouse gonads in organotypic culture. Effect of the gonadotropic hormone LH

Fetal mice testes convert pregnenolone-16-3H and progesterone-4-14C to testosterone in organ culture. The 3H/14C ratio in progesterone and testosterone fractions isolated from culture media suggests the importance of the delta5-3 beta hydroxysteroid pathway in our experimental conditions. LH decreases radioactive testosterone production and increases the activity of the kelta4-3-ketosteroid pathway.     

Psychological problems resulting from parent-to-adolescent renal transplantation

This paper deals with the ways in which the psychological responses of renal transplant donors and recipients interfere with the developmental tasks of adolescence. The characteristic responses of donors and recipients in general are briefly reviewed. The special problems of the adolescent who has received a transplant from a parent are considered. Interference with the separation-individuation process is discussed. Also considered is the difficulty posed to the development of sexual identity. Excerpts from brief therapy are presented that illustrate the characteristic psychological conflicts described.     

A preliminary report on the antiarrhythmic action of some newly synthesized glutarimide compounds

The effects of a new series of glutarimide compounds have been studied in acetylcholine induced auricular fibrillation in anaesthetized cats and epinephrine induced ventricular arrhythmmias in conscious pigeons. Some of the compounds showed varying degree of protective action against experimental arrhythmias. However these compounds were found to be less potent than quinidine. The mechanism of antiarrhythmic action has been discussed.     

Optimisation of processing conditions for infrared drying of cashew kernels with testa

Cashew kernels are thermally processed to facilitate the removal of their outer skin (testa). Infrared (IR) processing of cashew kernels for differential drying is a novel approach. Processed cashew kernels are valued for their colour, size and texture. The kinetics of colour change and the effect of thermal processing on compressive strength (indicator of brittleness) during IR drying of cashew kernels were investigated. Kernels with testa were dried for different durations (15–55 min) over a range of temperatures (55–95 °C). The change in colour was expressed as total colour difference and browning index. The colour values increased with increasing drying temperature and duration, indicating darkening of the kernel colour. Increase in drying duration reduced the compressive strength, imparting the desired brittleness to the kernel. Optimisation of the drying conditions by response surface methodology and the peelability factor indicated that the best results could be obtained when cashew kernels were dried at 55 °C for 55 min. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry