The software-defined network (SDN) is one of the network architectures, in which the data plane and control plane is divided from each other, and the network can be handled using a sensibly centralized controller and this method is adopted to reconfigure the wireless sensor network automatically. In this article, to implement the SDN in MANET, in which control nodes can be chosen in SDN dynamically for the activation of MANET function to allocate the works to other mobile nodes to the base station. However, in the field of mobile ad hoc networks, the network lifetime, and battery lifetime is one of the major problems and the energy consumption can play a significant rule for the transmission of data in the SDN. Therefore, in this article, particle swarm optimization (PSO) based CGSR (cluster-head gateway switch routing protocol) algorithm with fuzzy rules is proposed to increase the network lifetime of battery powered mobile nodes by reducing the energy consumptions of each node in software-defined MANET. In this proposed method, a routing method that can permit various mobile nodes with low battery power to transmits the data from source node to base station. We design a PSO based CGSR routing protocol by selecting the routing mobile nodes using fuzzy rules for packet transmission. In CGSR process, the formation of cluster and selection of cluster head is executed depending on the particle swarm optimization method. This proposed routing protocol can be used to enhance the battery lifetime by extension of the network lifetime with numerical analysis for efficient route node selection. 相似文献
The objective of the study is to identify the factors that lead to the adoption of rainwater harvesting in enabling sustainable ground water. The Theory of Planned Behavior and Norm Activation Model has been adopted. The sample consists of 400 participants who were either constructing and likely to construct houses have been considered for the study. Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyze the data. The study results exhibited the adoption of rainwater harvesting, and the moderation effect of intention to acquire rainwater harvesting knowledge on the relationship between environmental concern; environmental responsibility and rainwater harvesting. Based on the results, significant theoretical and practical implications have been made.
Optimization of cutting parameters is valuable in terms of providing high precision and efficient machining. Optimization
of machining parameters for milling is an important step to minimize the machining time and cutting force, increase productivity
and tool life and obtain better surface finish. In this work a mathematical model has been developed based on both the material
behavior and the machine dynamics to determine cutting force for milling operations. The system used for optimization is based
on powerful artificial intelligence called genetic algorithms (GA). The machining time is considered as the objective function
and constraints are tool life, limits of feed rate, depth of cut, cutting speed, surface roughness, cutting force and amplitude
of vibrations while maintaining a constant material removal rate. The result of the work shows how a complex optimization
problem is handled by a genetic algorithm and converges very quickly. Experimental end milling tests have been performed on
mild steel to measure surface roughness, cutting force using milling tool dynamometer and vibration using a FFT (fast Fourier
transform) analyzer for the optimized cutting parameters in a Universal milling machine using an HSS cutter. From the estimated
surface roughness value of 0.71 μm, the optimal cutting parameters that have given a maximum material removal rate of 6.0×103 mm3/min with less amplitude of vibration at the work piece support 1.66 μm maximum displacement. The good agreement between the
GA cutting forces and measured cutting forces clearly demonstrates the accuracy and effectiveness of the model presented and
program developed. The obtained results indicate that the optimized parameters are capable of machining the work piece more
efficiently with better surface finish. 相似文献
The cover image, by Aravindan Rajendran et al., is based on the Research Article Nutrient recovery from ethanol co‐products by a novel mycoalgae biofilm: attached cultures of symbiotic fungi and algae, DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5177 .
ABSTRACTIn our earlier research, we have studied the surface radiation property degradation of the solar collector receiver tube material [Logesh, K., R. Ganesh, I. Saran Raj, V. Ramesh, and B. Tharun Raj. 2017. “Experimental Investigation on Radiation Heat Transfer Properties Degradation of Aluminium Solar Receiver Tube Material.” International Journal of Ambient Energy. doi:10.1080/01430750.2017.1335230]. In this study, the examination is expanded to degradation property of the selective surface, black chromium-coated aluminium material. Black chrome is mainly used for its high corrosion resistance. The selective surface has been examined for its emissivity (ε) and absorptivity (α) changes due to its sunlight exposure at elevated temperatures. The exposure duration ranges from 240 to 960?h. In the selected range of exposure, the properties are measured in four intervals. The emissivity (ε) is found to decrease, whereas the absorptivity (α) gets increased for coated than the uncoated surfaces for the same duration of exposure. The examination is also carried out to find the nature of the heat transfer properties determined by its temperature. For every duration of exposure, the properties are measured at 10 temperature intervals. 相似文献
Journal of Materials Science - This paper presents an investigation aimed at understanding the shock wave propagation response of oriented α-quartz single crystals by using molecular dynamics... 相似文献
In this paper, an experimental study of the conventional solar still (CSS), the conventional solar still with glass cooling (CSSGC), the conventional solar still with basin heating (CSSBH), and the conventional solar still with glass cooling and basin heating (CSSGCBH) was carried out on the basis of the distilled water production, the energy efficiency (EnE), the exergy efficiency (ExE), and economic analysis. The CSSGC and CSSBH contain Peltier modules for cooling the glass and heating the basin. The evaporative heat transfer coefficient for all the experimental stills was calculated. The values of daily distilled water production from the CSSGCBH, CSSBH, CSSGC, and CSS were 4.56, 3.79, 2.49, and 1.89 kg/m2, respectively. The daily distilled yield of the CSSBH and CSSGCBH were increased by 58.55% and 50.13%, respectively, as compared with the CSS. Moreover, the daily EnE and ExE of the CSSGCBH were 27.03% and 3.5%, respectively, whereas the EnE and ExE of the CSS were 10.88% and 1.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the cost of distilled water production was found to be 0.26, 0.35, 0.53, and 0.64 $/day for the CSS, CSSGC, CSSBH, and CSSGCBH, respectively, if the selling price of the distilled water was Rs10. 相似文献